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Two types of superconductors
Type-I superconductors are characterised by a total
so-called Meissner effect. This means that the
superconductor completely expels a magnetic field. If
the magnetic field becomes too strong, the
superconductive property disappears abruptly. But
there are other superconductors, often alloys, in
which the Meissner effect is not total. Here a
surrounding magnetic field can intrude partly and the
materials can retain their superconductive property
even in very strong magnetic fields.
It takes two
If electrons and 3He
atoms are to condense into a superfluid liquid, they
must first pair up. This can take place in two ways
concerning the particles' magnetic properties, their
so-called spin. This is described with an arrow
– a compass needle. The spins are either
opposite, in which case they counteract each other
(electrons in a superconductor) or in the same
direction so that they reinforce each other
(3He atoms in a superfluid). In the latter
case the superfluid can have magnetic
properties.
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