Nobel Prize

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  Published by: © Information Department Box 50005 S-104 05 Stockholm, Sweden, Tel. +46-(0)8-15 04 30 Editor: Dr Erik Johansson Department of Physics, Stockholm University Vanadisvägen 9, S-113 46 Stockholm, Sweden Illustrator: Karin Feltzin, Stockholm, Sweden Web Adapted Version: Nobelprize.org Every effort has been made by the publisher to credit organizations and individuals with regard…

New York City in the period of 1922 to 1979 provided the streets, schools, entertainment, culture and ethnic diversity for many future scientists. I was born in New York on July 15, 1922 of immigrant parents. My father, Morris, operated a hand laundry and venerated learning. Brother Paul, six years older, was a tinkerer of…

Presentation Speech by Professor Gösta Ekspong of the Translation from the Swedish text Your Majesties, Your Royal Highnesses, Ladies and Gentlemen, The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences has decided to award this year’s Nobel Prize in Physics jointly to Dr Leon Lederman, Dr Melvin Schwartz and Dr Jack Steinberger. The citation has the following wording,…

  description of the weak force was incomplete. According to his theory the probability for a reaction at very high energies could exceed 1, which is impossible. It was therefore important to study the weak force at high energies, but the problem was how! It was possible to produce beams of particles with high energy,…

Having been born in 1932, at the peak of the great depression, I grew up in difficult times. My parents worked extraordinarily hard to give us economic stability but at the same time they managed to instill in me two qualities which became the foundation of my personal and professional life. One is an unbounded…

  The neutrino is the most elusive of the known elementary particles. It has no electric charge and, as far as we know, no rest mass. The neutrino hardly interacts with matter at all. It can go through lead with a thickness of 10 000 billion kilometres (one light year) without interacting. The neutrino interacts…

I was born in Bad Kissingen (Franconia) in 1921. At that time my father, Ludwig, was 45 years old. He was one of twelve children of a rural ‘Viehhändler’ (small-time cattle dealer). Since the age of eighteen he had been cantor and religious teacher for the little Jewish community, a job he still held when…