“for foundational discoveries and inventions that enable machine learning with artificial neural networks”
© Nobel Prize Outreach. Photo: Nanaka Adachi
Statue of Alfred Nobel.
Photo: A. Mahmoud
“for foundational discoveries and inventions that enable machine learning with artificial neural networks”
© Nobel Prize Outreach. Photo: Nanaka Adachi
“for foundational discoveries and inventions that enable machine learning with artificial neural networks”
© Nobel Prize Outreach. Photo: Clément Morin
This year’s laureates used tools from physics to construct methods that helped lay the foundation for today’s powerful machine learning. John Hopfield created a structure that can store and reconstruct information. Geoffrey Hinton invented a method that can independently discover properties in data and which has become important for the large artificial neural networks now in use.
© Johan Jarnestad/The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences
“for computational protein design”
© Nobel Prize Outreach. Photo: Clément Morin
“for protein structure prediction”
© Nobel Prize Outreach. Photo: Clément Morin
“for protein structure prediction”
© Nobel Prize Outreach. Photo: Clément Morin
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2024 is about proteins, life’s ingenious chemical tools. David Baker has succeeded with the almost impossible feat of building entirely new kinds of proteins. Demis Hassabis and John Jumper have developed an AI model to solve a 50-year-old problem: predicting proteins’ complex structures. These discoveries hold enormous potential.
© Johan Jarnestad/The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences
“for the discovery of microRNA and its role in post-transcriptional gene regulation”
© Nobel Prize Outreach. Photo: Clément Morin
“for the discovery of microRNA and its role in post-transcriptional gene regulation”
© Nobel Prize Outreach. Photo: Clément Morin
Victor Ambros and Gary Ruvkun discovered microRNA, a new class of tiny RNA molecules that play a crucial role in gene regulation. Their groundbreaking discovery in the small worm C. elegans revealed a completely new principle of gene regulation. This turned out to be essential for multicellular organisms, including humans. MicroRNAs are proving to be fundamentally important for how organisms develop and function.
© The Nobel Committee for Physiology or Medicine. Ill. Mattias Karlén
“for her intense poetic prose that confronts historical traumas and exposes the fragility of human life”
© Nobel Prize Outreach. Photo: Clément Morin
The Nobel Prize in Literature 2024 is awarded to the South Korean author Han Kang, “for her intense poetic prose that confronts historical traumas and exposes the fragility of human life.”
In her oeuvre, Han Kang confronts historical traumas and invisible sets of rules and, in each of her works, exposes the fragility of human life. She has a unique awareness of the connections between body and soul, the living and the dead, and in her poetic and experimental style has become an innovator in contemporary prose.
South Korean writer Han Kang attends a photocall at Edinburgh International Book Festival at Charlotte Square Gardens on August 17, 2016 in Edinburgh, Scotland.
Photo by Roberto Ricciuti/Getty Images
“for its efforts to achieve a world free of nuclear weapons and for demonstrating through witness testimony that nuclear weapons must never be used again”
Nihon Hidankyo logotype.
The grassroots movement of atomic bomb survivors from Hiroshima and Nagasaki, also known as Hibakusha, is receiving the Nobel Peace Prize for its efforts to achieve a world free of nuclear weapons and for demonstrating through witness testimony that nuclear weapons must never be used again. The extraordinary efforts of Nihon Hidankyo and other representatives of the Hibakusha have contributed greatly to the establishment of a nuclear taboo.
Ill. Niklas Elmehed © Nobel Prize Outreach
“for studies of how institutions are formed and affect prosperity”
© Nobel Prize Outreach. Photo: Clément Morin
“for studies of how institutions are formed and affect prosperity”
© Nobel Prize Outreach. Photo: Clément Morin
“for studies of how institutions are formed and affect prosperity”
© Nobel Prize Outreach. Photo: Clément Morin
This year’s laureates have provided new insights into why there are such vast differences in prosperity between nations. One important explanation is persistent differences in societal institutions. By examining the various political and economic systems introduced by European colonisers, Daron Acemoglu, Simon Johnson and James Robinson have been able to demonstrate a relationship between institutions and prosperity. They have also developed theoretical tools that can explain why differences in institutions persist and how institutions can change.
© Johan Jarnestad/The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences