Nobel Prize

Walter H. Brattain was born in Amoy, China, on February 10, 1902, the son of Ross R. Brattain and Ottilie Houser. He spent his childhood and youth in the State of Washington and received a B.S. degree from Whitman College in 1924. He was awarded the M.A. degree by the University of Oregon in 1926…

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English Presentation Speech by Professor Professor Börje Johansson, Member of the , Member of the Nobel Committee in Physics, 10 December 2007. Professor Börje Johansson delivering the Presentation Speech for the 2007 Nobel Prize in Physics at the Stockholm Concert Hall. Your Majesties, Your Royal Highnesses, Ladies and Gentlemen, This year’s Nobel Prize…

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  There are four fundamental forces acting in nature: the gravitational force, the electromagnetic force, the strong and the weak force. If one compares the strength of the different forces, setting the gravitational force at 1, the proportion becomes:   the gravitational force 1   the weak force 1031   the electromagnetic force 1036  …

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I was born in Buchs, St. Gallen, Switzerland on 6.6., ’33 as the third child, half an hour after my twin sister. We were fortunate to enjoy a carefree childhood with a sound mixture of freedom, school and farm work. In 1949, the family moved to Zürich and our way of life changed from country…

Edward Victor Appleton was born in Bradford, England, on 6th September, 1892, the son of Peter and Mary Appleton. He received his early education at Hanson Grammar School. Bradford then took his B.A. degree in Natural Science at St. John’s College, Cambridge,, in 1913 and 1914, with physics for Part II. He won the Wiltshire…

Abdus Salam was born in Jhang, a small town in what is now Pakistan, in 1926. His father was an official in the Department of Education in a poor farming district. His family has a long tradition of piety and learning. When he cycled home from Lahore, at the age of 14, after gaining the…

Presentation Speech by Professor , Chairman of the Nobel Committee for Physics of , on December 10, 1922 Your Majesty, Your Royal Highnesses, Ladies and Gentlemen. Ever since Kirchhoff and Bunsen (1860) introduced spectral analysis, that extremely important aid to investigation has produced the finest results. To begin with, material was collected and spectra were…