Electronics
It is thanks to the semi-conductor industry that development of the new vacuum techniques required for advanced surface chemistry had already begun in the 1950s. When electronic components are assembled knowledge of surface chemistry is important. The ozone holeThe ozone layer is damaged by reactions on the surfaces of small ice crystals in the stratosphere, for instance when freon from air conditioners splits ozone molecules. Rust occurs when oxygen reacts with an iron surface. This is an example of how a surface is ruined by corrosion. Ertl’s work helps us to understand corrosion, and this is important in preventing accidents in everything from nuclear power to civil aviation. |
Nobel Prizes and laureates
Eleven laureates were awarded a Nobel Prize in 2023, for achievements that have conferred the greatest benefit to humankind. Their work and discoveries range from effective mRNA vaccines and attosecond physics to fighting against the oppression of women.
See them all presented here.
See them all presented here.
Explore prizes and laureates
Look for popular awards and laureates in different fields, and discover the history of the Nobel Prize.