Industrial Synthesis

Today many important protein drugs (e.g. growth hormone, erythropoetin, insulin) are produced in living cells. To facilitate easy purification, the proteins are provided with a signal peptide causing them to be secreted out of the cell.
For scale-up production, cells are grown in bioreactors.

To cite this section
MLA style: Industrial Synthesis. NobelPrize.org. Nobel Prize Outreach 2026. Thu. 8 Oct 2026. <https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1999/7404-industrial-synthesis/>

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