Nobel Prize

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I was born on 25 December 1906 in Heidelberg as the fifth of seven children of Professor Julius Ruska and his wife Elisbeth (née Merx). After graduating from grammar school in Heidelberg I studied electronics at the Technical College in Munich, studies which I began in the autumn of 1925 and continued two years later…

John Bardeen was born in Madison, Wisconsin, on May 23, 1908, son of Dr. Charles R. Bardeen, and Althea Harmer. Dr. Bardeen was Professor of Anatomy, and Dean of the Medical School of the University of Wisconsin at Madison. After the death of Althea, when John was about twelve years old, Dr. Bardeen married Ruth…

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Presentation Speech by Dr. A.G. Ekstrand, President of , on December 10, 1920 Your Majesty, Your Royal Highnesses, Ladies and Gentlemen. The Swedish Academy of Sciences has decided to award the Nobel Prize for Physics 1920 to Ch.E. Guillaume, Director of the International Bureau of Weights and Measures, for the services he has rendered to…

Presentation Speech by Professor Gösta Ekspong of the Translation from the Swedish text Your Majesties, Your Royal Highnesses, Ladies and Gentlemen, The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences has decided to award this year’s Nobel Prize in Physics jointly to Dr Leon Lederman, Dr Melvin Schwartz and Dr Jack Steinberger. The citation has the following wording,…

Presentation Speech by Professor Sven Johansson of the Translation from the Swedish text Your Majesties, Your Royal Highnesses, Ladies and Gentlemen, The problem of the basic structure of matter has long interested man but it was not until the time of the Greek philosophers that the problem took on a scientific character. These ideas reached…

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  The neutrino is the most elusive of the known elementary particles. It has no electric charge and, as far as we know, no rest mass. The neutrino hardly interacts with matter at all. It can go through lead with a thickness of 10 000 billion kilometres (one light year) without interacting. The neutrino interacts…