Nobel Prize

English Presentation Speech by Professor Sten Grillner of the , December 10, 2004. Professor Sten Grillner delivering the Presentation Speech for the 2004 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine at the Stockholm Concert Hall. Your Majesties, Your Royal Highnesses, Ladies and Gentlemen, We perceive the world through our senses – we enjoy the…

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  The Nobel Assembly at the Karolinska Institute in Stockholm, Sweden has awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for 1992 jointly to Edmond H. Fischer and Edwin G. Krebs for their discoveries concerning reversible protein phosphorylation as a biological regulatory mechanism. Professors Emeritus, University of Washington, Seattle, U S A

Swedish Presentationstal av professor Sten Grillner, , i Stockholms Konserthus 10 december 2004. Professor Sten Grillner presenterar Nobelpriset i fysiologi eller medicin 2004 i Stockholms Konserthus. Eders Majestäter, Eders kungliga högheter, Mina damer och herrar, Vi uppfattar världen genom våra sinnen, vi ser färgprakten runt oss, vi lyssnar till vår omgivning, men vi…

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2004 Credits and References for the 2004 Nobel Poster for Physiology or Medicine Scientific Advisers, Professors at Karolinska Institutet: Bertil Fredholm, Pharmacology Sten Grillner, Neurophysiology Göran K. Hansson, Medicine, Chair of the Nobel Committee Hans Jörnvall – Physiological Chemistry, Secretary of the Nobel Assembly Urban Lendahl, Genetics Illustrations…

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2004   The olfactory system The olfactory epithelium contains millions of olfactory neurons, which send messages directly to the olfactory bulb of the brain. The olfactory receptor cells are the only neurons in the nervous system exposed directly to the external environment. Contents: | | | |  | …

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2004   Combinatorial receptor codes The odorant receptor family is used in a combinatorial manner to detect odorants and encode their unique identities. Different odorants are detected by different combinations of receptors and thus have different receptor codes. These codes are translated by the brain into diverse odour…

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2004   A large gene family Axel and Buck searched for genes coding for proteins expressed exclusively in the olfactory epithelium. Using molecular biology techniques they discovered a large set of genes coding for olfactory receptors. This large gene family is composed of several hundred different genes encoding…

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2004   The organization of odorant receptor inputs in the olfactory cortex Signals derived from two different odorant receptors, M5 and M50, are targeted to different, but partially overlapping clusters of cortical neurons. These clusters have similar locations in the brains of different mice.     Receptor activation…