2001
The Nobel Prize in Physics 2001
The Nobel Prize in Physics 2001 The coldest planetary body in the Solar System is Triton, a moon of Neptune. (-235 °C or 38 K) The lowest temperatures in nature have been measured at Vostok, Antarctica. (-89 °C or 183 K) Absolute Zero Physicists use a scale for temperature…
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The Nobel Prize in Physics 2001
The Nobel Prize in Physics 2001 Further reading web site with animations, questions and answers etc.: The Bose-Einstein Condensate, by E.A. Cornell and C.E. Wieman, Scientific American, March 1998, p. 26. Bose-Einstein Condensation, by Ch. Townsend, W. Ketterle and S. Stringari, Physics World, March 1997, p. 29. Experimental Studies of Bose-Einstein Condensation,…
moreThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2001
The Nobel Prize in Physics 2001 Cooling of alkali atoms towards BEC Particles or Waves? Both! Light is often described as waves, but it can also be described as a stream of light particles, photons. Matter is also characterised by this dualism. In the 1920s, Louis de Broglie suggested…
moreThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2001
The Nobel Prize in Physics 2001 The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences has awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics for 2001 jointly to Eric A. Cornell, Wolfgang Ketterle and Carl E. Wieman “for the achievement of Bose-Einstein condensation in dilute gases of alkali atoms, and for early fundamental studies of the properties…
moreThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2001
The Nobel Prize in Physics 2001 The Indian physicist Satyendra Nath Bose had made some statistical calculations concerning light particles, photons. He sent his results to Albert Einstein, who translated them and made sure they were published. He also extended the theory to include material particles. The air between you…
moreThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2001
The Nobel Prize in Physics 2001 Left: Ketterle’s first atom laser. Centre and right: later results from other laboratories. The atomic laser When the laser was invented some forty years ago, no-one envisaged its many areas of application today. A laser emits coherent light; could coherent matter be utilised…
moreEric A. Cornell – Biographical
Biographical
I was born in Palo Alto, California in 1961. My parents were completing graduate degrees at Stanford. Two years later we moved to Cambridge, Massachusetts, the city I consider to be my hometown. My father was a professor of civil engineering at MIT, and my mother taught high school English. The family, including my younger…
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