Nobel Prize

Ivan Petrovich Pavlov was born on September 14, 1849 at Ryazan, where his father, Peter Dmitrievich Pavlov, was a village priest. He was educated first at the church school in Ryazan and then at the theological seminary there. Inspired by the progressive ideas which D. I. Pisarev, the most eminent of the Russian literary critics…

Theodor Kocher was born on August 25, 1841, at Berne. His father, a Chief-Engineer, was a very keen worker and kept him constantly at work. The influence of a devoted mother and later the loving care of a selfsacrificing wife enabled him to pass without interruption through the continuous strait of secondary school and University,…

Ludwig Karl Martin Leonhard Albrecht Kossel was born in Rostock on September 16, 1853. He was the eldest son of the merchant and Prussian consul Albrecht Kossel and his wife Clara, née Jeppe. He attended the secondary school in Rostock and went, in the autumn of 1872, to the newly founded University of Strassburg in…

Paul Hermann Müller was born at Olten, Solothurn, Switzerland, on January 12th, 1899, and his early childhood was spent at Lenzburg, Aargau, the birthplace of his father who was an employee of the Swiss Federal Railway. The family moved to Basle where Paul attended primary school and, later, Free Evangelical elementary and secondary schools. He…

John Franklin Enders was born on February 10th, 1897, at West Hartford, Connecticut, U.S.A. He is the son of John Ostrom Enders, a banker in Hartford, and Harriet Goulden Enders (née Whitmore). Enders was educated at the Noah Webster School at Hartford and St. Paul’s School in Concord, New Hampshire. Finishing school in 1915, he…

Thomas Huckle Weller was born at Ann Arbor, Michigan, on June 15th, 1915. He was educated at the public schools there, and later at the University of Michigan, where his father, Carl Vernon Weller had an appointment in the Pathology Department of the Medical School. Entering this University in 1932, T. H. Weller graduated in…

Axel Hugo Theodor Theorell was born at Linköping, Sweden, on July 6, 1903. He was the son of Thure Theorell, surgeon-major to the First Life Grenadiers practising medicine in Linköping, and his wife Armida Bill. Theorell was educated for nine years at a State Secondary School in Linköping and passed his matriculation examination there on…

Daniel Bovet was born at Neuchâtel, Switzerland, on March 23, 1907. He was the son of Pierre Bovet, Professor of Pedagogy in the University of Geneva and his wife Amy Babut. After completing his secondary education at Geneva, Bovet graduated at the University of Geneva in 1927. He then spent some years as Assistant in…

Peyton Rous was born in Baltimore in 1879. His mother’s ancestors were Huguenots who settled in Virginia after the Edict of Nantes. Just before the Civil War in the 1860’s her father, foreseeing disaster, bought land in Texas, moving his big family there after it ended. There he became a judge «riding three counties», and…

Charles Brenton Huggins was born on September 22nd, 1901, in Halifax, Nova Scotia, the elder son of Charles Edward Huggins, pharmacist, and his wife, Bessie Maria Spencer. Charles B. Huggins attended the public schools in Halifax; Acadia University (B.A., 1920), Wolfville, N.S.; and Harvard University (M.D., 1924), Boston, Massachusetts. He then interned at the University…