James P. Allison receiving his Nobel Prize from H.M. King Carl XVI Gustaf of Sweden at the Stockholm Concert Hall, 10 December 2018.

© Nobel Media. Photo: Alexander Mahmoud

James P. Allison after receiving his Nobel Prize at the Stockholm Concert Hall, 10 December 2018.

© Nobel Media. Photo: Alexander Mahmoud

Physics laureates Gérard Mourou and Donna Strickland, chemistry laureates Frances H. Arnold, George P. Smith and Sir Gregory P. Winter and medicine laureate James P. Allison at the Nobel Prize award ceremony in Stockholm, Sweden on 10 December 2018.

© Nobel Prize Outreach. Photo: N. Adachi

James P. Allison with relatives after the Nobel Prize award ceremony in Stockholm, Sweden on 10 December 2018.

© Nobel Prize Outreach. Photo: A. Mahmoud

Mrs Ulla Löfven, James P. Allison and Professor Marjorie Sable at the Nobel Prize banquet, 10 December 2018.

© Nobel Prize Outreach. Photo: A. Mahmoud

James P. Allison having a look at the Nobel Foundation's guest book, signed by the laureates since 1952, during his visit to the Nobel Foundation on 12 December 2018.

© Nobel Prize Outreach. Photo: A. Mahmoud

James P. Allison showing his Nobel Prize medal during a visit to the Nobel Foundation.

© Nobel Prize Outreach. Photo: A. Mahmoud

2018 laureates assembled at the Nobel Foundation on 12 December 2018. From left: physics laureate Arthur Ashkin's son Michael Ashkin, laureate in economic sciences William D. Nordhaus, physics laureates Donna Strickland and Gérard Mourou, chemistry laureates Sir Gregory P. Winter and George P. Smith, medicine laureates Tasuku Honjo and James P. Allison, chemistry laureate Frances H. Arnold, laureate in economic sciences Paul M. Romer and peace laureate Denis Mukwege.

© Nobel Prize Outreach. Photo: A. Mahmoud

James Allison delivering his Nobel Prize lecture on 7 December 2018 at Aula Medica, Karolinska Institutet in Stockholm.

© Nobel Media. Photo: Nanaka Adachi

James P. Allison delivering his Nobel Prize lecture ‘Immune Checkpoint Blockade in Cancer Therapy’.

© Nobel Prize Outreach. Photo: N. Adachi

James P. Allison presenting his gift to the Nobel Museum's collection: a test tube and a vial, during the laureates' Get together on 6 December 2018. The test tube contains a solution with antibodies from mice that neutralise the CTLA-4 protein. Allison discovered that the antibody can make the immune system more responsive so it can neutralise cancer tumours. After the discovery, a corresponding antibody was found in humans. Based on the results, a pharmaceutical could then be developed to treat some types of cancer. The vial contains this drug.

© Nobel Prize Outreach. Photo: A. Mahmoud

Friends and family celebrate James P. Allison’s Nobel Prize with champagne in a New York hotel after hearing the public announcement.

Photo: Scott Merville of the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center

James P. Allison in the lab.

Photo: The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center