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Nobel Prize awarded discoveries

Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1906

The beauty and complexity of the nervous system

Camillo Golgi was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for discovering that nerve cells could be stained with silver nitrate, enabling him and other researchers to make detailed studies of our nervous system.

Learn more about Golgi’s work.
Camillo Golgi at the age of 77 in his laboratory in Pavia.

Camillo Golgi at the age of 77 in his laboratory in Pavia.

Photo credit: Museo di Storia dell’Università di Pavia

Women who changed science

Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1977

She revolutionised the medical world

Rosalyn Yalow became a physicist at a time when being a woman was a serious impediment to success. But succeed she did. With her research partner Solomon Berson, she made a transformative contribution to medical research: the radioimmunoassay.

Discover the story of a woman who changed science.
Rosalyn Yalow in her lab

Rosalyn Yalow in her lab at the Bronx VA Medical Center

Courtesy of Benjamin Yalow

Podcast series

Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2022

Svante Pääbo: Nobel Prize Conversations

“The first thing I did to see if it at all would have a chance was to buy a piece of liver in the food store close to the institute and just dry it in the laboratory.”
 
Listen in on this podcast conversation with 2022 medicine laureate Svante Pääbo who describes the start of his scientific career. He also speaks warmly about his mother and how she encouraged him to pursue his childhood interest, archeology. Eventually that interest would put him on the path to a Nobel Prize for sequencing the genome of the Neanderthal, an extinct relative of present-day humans.
Svante Pääbo

Photo: Stefan Bladh

Who did what?

News

Esa-Pekka Salonen and violinist Julia Fischer to the Nobel Prize Concert

World-renowned conductor Esa-Pekka Salonen and acclaimed violinist Julia Fischer will be performing together with the Royal Stockholm Philharmonic Orchestra this year’s Nobel Prize Concert on 8 December.

Tickets for the concert will go on sale on 18 October.
Julia Fischer

Violinist Julia Fischer.

Photo: Uwe Arens

Nobel Prize laureates share their thoughts

Nobel Prize in Physics 2021

"Science is like playing puzzles"

“Doing science is like playing puzzles or reading a detective story and trying to understand who is guilty before the author tells you,” says 2021 physics laureate Giorgio Parisi. Parisi was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics for his revolutionary contributions to the theory of disordered materials and random processes.
Giorgio Parisi standing in front of a blackboard teaching

Nobel Prize Summit 2023

Truth, Trust and Hope

How can we build trust in truth, facts and scientific evidence so that we can create a hopeful future for all?

The Nobel Prize Summit brought together laureates, leading experts and the general public in a conversation on how we can combat disinformation, restore trust in science and create a hopeful future.

Read more and watch the recorded events here
Iluustration

Statement by the Norwegian Nobel Committee on the charges against Memorial's Oleg Orlov

Nobel Peace Prize 2022

Statement

The Norwegian Nobel Committee has released a statement regarding the charges against longtime Russian human rights campaigner and 2022 peace laureate Memorial co-founder Oleg Orlov.

Read the statement here
Memorial

Enjoy some poetry

Nobel Prize in Literature 2020

"The great thing is not having a mind …"

Literature laureate Louise Glück reads her poem ‘The Red Poppy’ from her book The Wild Iris. Glück was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature “for her unmistakable poetic voice that with austere beauty makes individual existence universal.”

Read more poems by Louise Glück
‘The Red Poppy’ from THE WILD IRIS by Louise Glück
Copyright © 1992, Louise Glück. All rights reserved.

Nobel Prizes 2022

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2022

Sequencing the genome of the Neanderthal

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2022 was awarded to Svante Pääbo “for his discoveries concerning the genomes of extinct hominins and human evolution.”
Denisova, Neanderthal and H. sapiens

© The Nobel Committe for Physiology or Medicine. Ill. Mattias Karlén

The Nobel Prize in Literature 2022

Exploring the role of memory in our lives

The Nobel Prize in Literature 2022 was awarded to Annie Ernaux “for the courage and clinical acuity with which she uncovers the roots, estrangements and collective restraints of personal memory.”
Annie Ernaux.jpg

Credit: Annie Ernaux/ Photo: Catherine Hélie, Gallimard.

Recently published

Nobel Peace Prize

News

Watch the documentary series

Five documentaries inspired by the Nobel Peace Prize

A team of female Yazidi deminers in Iraq attempting to clear their land of mines left behind by ISIS.  A team of scientists on an extraordinary mission in Mozambique to help better our understanding of climate change. A man building prosthetic legs to help victims of war walk again in South Sudan … All are inspired by Nobel Peace Prize laureates.

Into the fire - image

Nobel Prize nominations

2023 Nobel Peace Prize nominations

The Norwegian Nobel Committee received 305 candidates for the 2023 Nobel Peace Prize. 93 of these are organisations.

Nobel Peace Prize award ceremony 2021.

Nobel Peace Prize award ceremony 2021 in the Oslo City Hall in Norway.

© Nobel Prize Outreach. Photo: Geir Anders Rybakken Ørslien.

Are the nominations made public?

Did you know that there is no public list of the current year’s nominees for the peace prize? The complete list of nominees of any year’s prizes is not disclosed for 50 years. The same goes for all the prize categories. Learn more about the nomination process in a this Q&A.

Peace Prize nomination process

The nomination process for Nobel Peace Prize laureates.

© Nobel Media. Ill. Niklas Elmehed

Questions and answers

What are the Nobel Prize categories?

The Nobel Prize categories are physics, chemistry, physiology or medicine, literature and peace and were laid out in the will of Alfred Nobel. Find out more in the FAQ.
The Nobel Prize medal.

The Nobel Prize medal.

© Nobel Prize Outreach. Photo: Clément Morin.

Discover Nobel Prize lessons

Reliable and easy to use

Bring the 2022 Nobel Prizes into the classroom! The lessons are free and easy to use right away with ready-made slide shows, a speaker’s manuscripts and student assignments.

The 2022 prizes range from research on quantum mechanics and research on human evolution to documenting war crimes and the role of banks in financial crises.
2022 Nobel Prizes

Illustrations: Johan Jarnestad/The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, The Nobel Committe for Physiology or Medicine. Ill. Mattias Karlén and Niklas Elmehed. © Nobel Prize Outreach

Explore prizes and laureates

Alfred Nobel – Established the Nobel Prize

Alfred Nobel's last will

On 27 November 1895, Alfred Nobel signed his last will in Paris, France. The Swedish dynamite millionaire, who thought that his invention would end all wars, had now realised that it was a very deadly product. Wanting to make amends, he did what no man of such wealth had done before …

Alfred Nobel Will

The very first Nobel Prizes

On 10 December 1901 the first Nobel Prizes were awarded, in physics, chemistry, physiology or medicine, literature and peace. Read more about the first prizes.

The first Nobel Prize Award Ceremony was held in 1901 at the Royal Academy of Music, Stockholm.

Play a game!

Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1930

The Blood Typing Game

How much do you know about blood types? Did you know that human blood groups were discovered by Nobel Prize laureate Karl Landsteiner in 1901?

Learn more about the way to find out about the human blood groups, blood typing and the importance of safe blood transfusions. See if you can save the lives of the patients in the game!
Blood typing game
Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1904

Pavlov's Dog

Is it possible to train a dog to drool on command? Learn about conditioned reflexes in this interactive game!

With this animated game, teachers are able to illustrate classical conditioning in the classroom. The object of the game is to train Pavlov’s dog to respond to a signal that it will associate with being fed.

In 1904, Ivan Pavlov was awarded with Nobel Prize for his pioneering studies of how the digestive system works.
Pavlov's Dog Game

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Nobel destinations

Stockholm, Sweden

Nobel Prize Museum

The Nobel Prize Museum in Stockholm, Sweden, illustrates a century of creativity, where visitors can follow the changes of the 20th century through the Nobel Prize and the Nobel Prize laureates.
The Nobel Prize: Ideas Changing the World (3)

The museum showcases the discoveries and creativity of the Nobel Prize laureates.

Photo: Åke Eson Lindman

Oslo, Norway

Nobel Peace Center

Located in the heart of Oslo, Norway, the Nobel Peace Center is a place where you can experience and learn about the various Nobel Peace Prize laureates.
NPC Nye Nobels Hage 10

The story of each peace laureate is told at the museum.

Photo: Johannes Granseth/Nobel Peace Center

In memoriam

Harald zur Hausen dies

Harald zur Hausen passed away on 28 May, age 87. In the 1970s, he went against current dogma and postulated that oncogenic human papilloma virus (HPV) caused cervical cancer. His work led to the development of a vaccine against the disease. In 2008, he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.
Harald zur Hausen

Robert Lucas Jr. 1937‒2023

Robert Lucas Jr. passed away on 15 May 2023, age 85. He was awarded the Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 1995 in 1995 for having developed and applied the hypothesis of rational expectations, and thereby having transformed macroeconomic analysis and deepened our understanding of economic policy.
Robert E. Lucas Jr.