2000

The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences has awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics for basic work on information and communication technology. The prize is being awarded with one half jointly to Zhores I. Alferov, Russia, and Herbert Kroemer, USA, for developing semiconductor heterostructures used in high-speed and optoelectronics and one half to Jack. S. Kilby,…

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Biographical

Life goes on surprisingly fast. It seems to happen a short time ago that I would attend anniversary celebrations in honour of noted physicists, my teachers who to my mind looked quite old. But at the present time, I myself have recently marked the 70th birthday. My parents, Ivan Karpovich, and Anna Vladimirovna, had been…

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Biographical

I was born on August 25, 1928 in Weimar, Germany. My father was a civil servant working for the city administration of my home town; my mother was a classical German “Hausfrau.” Both came from simple skilled-craftsmen families. Neither had a high-school education, but there was never any doubt that they wanted to have their…

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Biographical

The Nobel Committee has asked me to discuss my life story, so I guess I should begin at the beginning. I was born in 1923 in Great Bend, Kansas, which got its name because the town was built at the spot where the Arkansas River bends in the middle of the state. I grew up…

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