Nobel Prize

English The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2004 A human cell contains some hundred thousand different proteins. These have numerous important functions: as accelerators of chemical reactions in the form of enzymes, as signal substances in the form of hormones, as important actors in the immune defence and by being responsible for the cell’s form and…

English The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2003 All living matter is made up of cells. A single human being has as many as the stars in a galaxy, about one hundred thousand million. The various cells – e.g. muscle cells, kidney cells and nerve cells – act together in an intricate system in each one…

English Information for the Public 11 October 2004 Finn Kydland and Edward Prescott have made fundamental contributions to the research area known as macroeconomics. In a highly innovative way, the Laureates have analyzed the design of economic policy and the driving forces behind business cycles. Their work has not only transformed economic research, but has…

English The 2003 Nobel Prize in Physics The quantum physics that controls the micro-world has a wide range of spectacular effects that do not normally occur in our ordinary macro-world. There are, however, certain situations in which quantum phenomena are visible. This year’s Nobel Prize in Physics is awarded for work concerning two of these…

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The Prize in Economic Sciences 2012 This year’s Prize to Lloyd Shapley and Alvin Roth extends from abstract theory developed in the 1960s, over empirical work in the 1980s, to ongoing efforts to find practical solutions to real-world problems. Examples include the assignment of new doctors to hospitals, students to schools, and human organs for…

The Prize in Economic Sciences 2011 How are GDP and inflation affected by a temporary increase in the interest rate or a tax cut? What happens if a central bank makes a permanent change in its inflation target or a government modifies its objective for budgetary balance? This year’s Laureates in economic sciences, Thomas J.…

The Prize in Economic Sciences 2010 Why are so many people unemployed at the same time that there are a large number of job openings? How can economic policy affect unemployment? This year’s Laureates have developed a theory which can be used to answer these questions. This theory is also applicable to markets other than…

Economic governance: the organization of cooperation Traditionally, economic theory has by and large been a theory of markets or, more precisely, about marketprices. However,there are at least two reasons why economic science should extend beyond price theory. First, markets do not function properly unless suitable contracts can be formulated and enforced. Hence, we need to…

The Prize in Economic Sciences 2008 This year’s Laureate is awarded the Prize for his research on international trade and economic geography. By having shown the effects of economies of scale on trade patterns and on the location of economic activity, his ideas have given rise to an extensive reorientation of the research on these…