Frederick C. Robbins
Facts
Photo from the Nobel Foundation archive.
Frederick Chapman Robbins
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1954
Born: 25 August 1916, Auburn, AL, USA
Died: 4 August 2003, Cleveland, OH, USA
Affiliation at the time of the award: Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
Prize motivation: “for their discovery of the ability of poliomyelitis viruses to grow in cultures of various types of tissue”
Prize share: 1/3
Work
Many infectious diseases are caused by viruses—very small biological particles. A virus lacks metabolism of its own and cannot multiply without infecting a living cell. For a long time the prevailing opinion was that viruses could not be cultured in a laboratory. However, in 1941 Thomas Weller, John Enders, and Frederick Robbins succeeded in culturing the virus that causes polio in human muscle and tissue in a laboratory setting. This became an important step on the road toward a vaccine against polio.
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