Victor F. Hess
Facts
Photo: Atelier Fayer, Wien. Nobel Foundation archive
Victor Franz Hess
Nobel Prize in Physics 1936
Born: 24 June 1883, Peggau, Austria
Died: 17 December 1964, Mount Vernon, NY, USA
Affiliation at the time of the award: Innsbruck University, Innsbruck, Austria
Prize motivation: “for his discovery of cosmic radiation”
Prize share: 1/2
Work
When radiation and atoms interact, charged atoms, ions, are often produced. In 1912 Victor Hess measured atmospheric ionization as function of altitude using balloons. Surprisingly, he found that ionization first decreased, but then increased again at higher altitudes. He concluded that the upper atmosphere is ionized by radiation from space. He proved that this radiation is not solar through experiments performed at night and during eclipses: cosmic rays had been discovered.
Six prizes were awarded for achievements that have conferred the greatest benefit to humankind. The 10 laureates' work and discoveries range from optogenetics to efforts to promote peace and international law.
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