The Nobel Prize in Physics 2004

 

The Nobel Prize in Physics 2004
     
Inside the proton  

Inside the proton

The three quarks within the proton are held together by the powerful force mediated by the gluons, depicted here as coiled springs. As the distance between the quarks increases, so does the force between them.
quark

 

Contents:
| Introduction – A colourful connection | The Standard Model and the four forces | Inside the proton  | The theory shows its true colours | The strong force | A unified theory for all forces? | Timeline | Further reading | Credits |
  Web Adapted Version of the Nobel Poster from the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences

To cite this section
MLA style: The Nobel Prize in Physics 2004. NobelPrize.org. Nobel Prize Outreach 2026. Tue. 13 Oct 2026. <https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/2004/9461-the-nobel-prize-in-physics-2004-2004-3/>

Go to the top of the page

Nobel Prizes 2026

Six prizes were awarded for achievements that have conferred the greatest benefit to humankind. The 10 laureates' work and discoveries range from optogenetics to efforts to promote peace and international law.

See them all presented here.

Nobel Prizes 2026

Explore prizes and laureates

Look for popular awards and laureates in different fields, and discover the history of the Nobel Prize.