The Nobel Prize in Physics 2000

The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences has awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics for basic work on information and communication technology. The prize is being awarded with one half jointly to
Zhores I. Alferov, Russia, and Herbert Kroemer, USA,
for developing semiconductor heterostructures
used in high-speed and optoelectronics and one half to
Jack. S. Kilby, USA,
for his part in the invention of the integrated circuit.

 

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MLA style: The Nobel Prize in Physics 2000. NobelPrize.org. Nobel Prize Outreach 2025. Sat. 6 Dec 2025. <https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/2000/9731-the-nobel-prize-in-physics-2000/>

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