Magnetism and resistance at nano-level
The electrons in the illustration are represented by small magnets as it is their magnetic qualities that give rise to giant magnetoresistance. The magnetic moment in the electrons is the result of their internal “rotation”, spin, that can point upwards or downwards. Here the electric current is divided into one part that consists of spin-up electrons and one consisting of spin-down electrons. The increased resistance in the magnetic material for electrons with the “wrong” spin is represented in the illustration as a hole pointing in the wrong direction that makes it impossible for the electrons to get through. |
Giant magnetoresistance arises when a non-magnetic material is sandwiched between thin layers of a magnetic metal. The effect derives from the internal “rotation” of the electron, its spin, which creates a magnetic moment. Each electron behaves like a small magnet, pointing either upwards or downwards. Giant magnetoresistance depends on the difference in electrical resistance for electrons with different spin directions in thin magnetic layers. |
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Nobel Prizes 2018
Their work and discoveries range from cancer therapy and laser physics to developing proteins that can solve humankind’s chemical problems. The work of the 2018 Nobel Laureates also included combating war crimes, as well as integrating innovation and climate with economic growth. Find out more.