This list shows the universities, research institutions or companies Nobel Laureates were affiliated with at the time of the Nobel Prize announcement. Only Nobel Laureates in Physics, Chemistry and Physiology or Medicine, and Laureates in Economic Sciences are shown in the list.
A.F. Ioffe Physico-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia (1)
The Nobel Prize in Physics 2000
“for developing semiconductor heterostructures used in high-speed- and opto-electronics”
Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark (2)
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1997
“for the first discovery of an ion-transporting enzyme, Na+, K+ -ATPase”
The Prize in Economic Sciences 2010
“for their analysis of markets with search frictions”
Academy of Sciences, Moscow, USSR (3)
The Nobel Prize in Physics 1962
“for his pioneering theories for condensed matter, especially liquid helium”
The Nobel Prize in Physics 1978
“for his basic inventions and discoveries in the area of low-temperature physics”
The Prize in Economic Sciences 1975
Leonid Vitaliyevich Kantorovich
“for their contributions to the theory of optimum allocation of resources”
All Souls College, Oxford, United Kingdom (1)
The Prize in Economic Sciences 1972
“for their pioneering contributions to general economic equilibrium theory and welfare theory”
Amsterdam University, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (2)
The Nobel Prize in Physics 1902
“in recognition of the extraordinary service they rendered by their researches into the influence of magnetism upon radiation phenomena”
The Nobel Prize in Physics 1910
Johannes Diderik van der Waals
“for his work on the equation of state for gases and liquids”
Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, USA (1)
The Nobel Prize in Physics 2003
“for pioneering contributions to the theory of superconductors and superfluids”
Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA (2)
The Prize in Economic Sciences 2004
“for their contributions to dynamic macroeconomics: the time consistency of economic policy and the driving forces behind business cycles”
The Prize in Economic Sciences 2009
“for her analysis of economic governance, especially the commons”
Associated Universities Inc., Washington, DC, USA (1)
The Nobel Prize in Physics 2002
“for pioneering contributions to astrophysics, which have led to the discovery of cosmic X-ray sources”
Atomic Energy Research Establishment, Harwell, Berkshire, United Kingdom (1)
The Nobel Prize in Physics 1951
“for their pioneer work on the transmutation of atomic nuclei by artificially accelerated atomic particles”
Australian National University, Canberra, Australia (1)
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1963
“for their discoveries concerning the ionic mechanisms involved in excitation and inhibition in the peripheral and central portions of the nerve cell membrane”
Australian National University, Weston Creek, Australia (1)
The Nobel Prize in Physics 2011
“for the discovery of the accelerating expansion of the Universe through observations of distant supernovae”
Basel Institute for Immunology, Basel, Switzerland (2)
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1984
“for theories concerning the specificity in development and control of the immune system and the discovery of the principle for production of monoclonal antibodies”
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1984
“for theories concerning the specificity in development and control of the immune system and the discovery of the principle for production of monoclonal antibodies”
Basel University, Basel, Switzerland (1)
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1950
“for their discoveries relating to the hormones of the adrenal cortex, their structure and biological effects”
Bell Laboratories, Holmdel, NJ, USA (2)
The Nobel Prize in Physics 1978
“for their discovery of cosmic microwave background radiation”
The Nobel Prize in Physics 1978
“for their discovery of cosmic microwave background radiation”
Bell Laboratories, Murray Hill, NJ, USA (2)
The Nobel Prize in Physics 2009
“for the invention of an imaging semiconductor circuit – the CCD sensor”
The Nobel Prize in Physics 2009
“for the invention of an imaging semiconductor circuit – the CCD sensor”
Bell Telephone Laboratories, New York, NY, USA (1)
The Nobel Prize in Physics 1937
“for their experimental discovery of the diffraction of electrons by crystals”
Bell Telephone Laboratories, Murray Hill, NJ, USA (2)
The Nobel Prize in Physics 1956
“for their researches on semiconductors and their discovery of the transistor effect”
The Nobel Prize in Physics 1977
“for their fundamental theoretical investigations of the electronic structure of magnetic and disordered systems”
Berlin University, Berlin, Germany (7)
The Nobel Prize in Physics 1918
“in recognition of the services he rendered to the advancement of Physics by his discovery of energy quanta”
The Nobel Prize in Physics 1933
“for the discovery of new productive forms of atomic theory”
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1901
“in recognition of the extraordinary services he has rendered by the discovery of the laws of chemical dynamics and osmotic pressure in solutions”
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1902
“in recognition of the extraordinary services he has rendered by his work on sugar and purine syntheses”
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1936
“for his contributions to our knowledge of molecular structure through his investigations on dipole moments and on the diffraction of X-rays and electrons in gases”
Berne University, Berne, Switzerland (1)
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1909
“for his work on the physiology, pathology and surgery of the thyroid gland”
Biozentrum der Universität, Basel, Switzerland (1)
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1978
“for the discovery of restriction enzymes and their application to problems of molecular genetics”
Birmingham University, Birmingham, United Kingdom (1)
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1937
“for his investigations on carbohydrates and vitamin C”
Boston University Medical School, Massachusetts, MA, USA (1)
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2008
“for the discovery and development of the green fluorescent protein, GFP”
Brandeis University, Waltham, MA, USA (1)
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2017
“for their discoveries of molecular mechanisms controlling the circadian rhythm”
Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA (1)
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1990
“for their discoveries concerning organ and cell transplantation in the treatment of human disease”
Bristol University, Bristol, United Kingdom (1)
The Nobel Prize in Physics 1950
“for his development of the photographic method of studying nuclear processes and his discoveries regarding mesons made with this method”
Brown University, Providence, RI, USA (2)
The Nobel Prize in Physics 1972
“for their jointly developed theory of superconductivity, usually called the BCS-theory”
The Nobel Prize in Physics 2016
“for theoretical discoveries of topological phase transitions and topological phases of matter”
Brussels University, Brussels, Belgium (1)
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1919
“for his discoveries relating to immunity”
Bureau International des Poids et Mesures (International Bureau of Weights and Measures), Sèvres, France (1)
The Nobel Prize in Physics 1920
“in recognition of the service he has rendered to precision measurements in Physics by his discovery of anomalies in nickel steel alloys”
Calcutta University, Calcutta, India (1)
The Nobel Prize in Physics 1930
Sir Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman
“for his work on the scattering of light and for the discovery of the effect named after him”
California Institute of Technology (Caltech), Pasadena, CA, USA (19)
The Nobel Prize in Physics 1923
“for his work on the elementary charge of electricity and on the photoelectric effect”
The Nobel Prize in Physics 1961
“for his researches concerning the resonance absorption of gamma radiation and his discovery in this connection of the effect which bears his name”
The Nobel Prize in Physics 1965
“for their fundamental work in quantum electrodynamics, with deep-ploughing consequences for the physics of elementary particles”
The Nobel Prize in Physics 1969
“for his contributions and discoveries concerning the classification of elementary particles and their interactions”
The Nobel Prize in Physics 1983
“for his theoretical and experimental studies of the nuclear reactions of importance in the formation of the chemical elements in the universe”
The Nobel Prize in Physics 2004
“for the discovery of asymptotic freedom in the theory of the strong interaction”
The Nobel Prize in Physics 2017
“for decisive contributions to the LIGO detector and the observation of gravitational waves”
The Nobel Prize in Physics 2017
“for decisive contributions to the LIGO detector and the observation of gravitational waves”
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1954
“for his research into the nature of the chemical bond and its application to the elucidation of the structure of complex substances”
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1992
“for his contributions to the theory of electron transfer reactions in chemical systems”
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1999
“for his studies of the transition states of chemical reactions using femtosecond spectroscopy”
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2005
“for the development of the metathesis method in organic synthesis”
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1933
“for his discoveries concerning the role played by the chromosome in heredity”
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1958
“for their discovery that genes act by regulating definite chemical events”
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1969
“for their discoveries concerning the replication mechanism and the genetic structure of viruses”
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1981
“for his discoveries concerning the functional specialization of the cerebral hemispheres”
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1995
“for their discoveries concerning the genetic control of early embryonic development”
Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom (1)
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2007
“for their discoveries of principles for introducing specific gene modifications in mice by the use of embryonic stem cells”
Carnegie Institute of Technology, Pittsburgh, PA, USA (1)
The Nobel Prize in Physics 1943
“for his contribution to the development of the molecular ray method and his discovery of the magnetic moment of the proton”
Carnegie Institution of Washington, Long Island, New York, NY, USA (1)
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1969
“for their discoveries concerning the replication mechanism and the genetic structure of viruses”
Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA (2)
The Prize in Economic Sciences 1978
“for his pioneering research into the decision-making process within economic organizations”
The Prize in Economic Sciences 2004
“for their contributions to dynamic macroeconomics: the time consistency of economic policy and the driving forces behind business cycles”
Center for Study of Public Choice, Fairfax, VA, USA (1)
The Prize in Economic Sciences 1986
“for his development of the contractual and constitutional bases for the theory of economic and political decision-making”
Central Research Laboratories, EMI, London, United Kingdom (1)
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1979
“for the development of computer assisted tomography”
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland (4)
The Nobel Prize in Physics 1984
“for their decisive contributions to the large project, which led to the discovery of the field particles W and Z, communicators of weak interaction”
The Nobel Prize in Physics 1984
“for their decisive contributions to the large project, which led to the discovery of the field particles W and Z, communicators of weak interaction”
The Nobel Prize in Physics 1988
“for the neutrino beam method and the demonstration of the doublet structure of the leptons through the discovery of the muon neutrino”
The Nobel Prize in Physics 1992
“for his invention and development of particle detectors, in particular the multiwire proportional chamber”
China Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China (1)
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2015
“for her discoveries concerning a novel therapy against Malaria”
Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China (1)
The Nobel Prize in Physics 2009
“for groundbreaking achievements concerning the transmission of light in fibers for optical communication”
City University of New York, New York, NY, USA (1)
The Prize in Economic Sciences 1990
“for their pioneering work in the theory of financial economics”
Clare Hall Laboratory, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom (1)
Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, USA (1)
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1983
“for her discovery of mobile genetic elements”
Collège de France, Paris, France (4)
The Nobel Prize in Physics 1991
“for discovering that methods developed for studying order phenomena in simple systems can be generalized to more complex forms of matter, in particular to liquid crystals and polymers”
The Nobel Prize in Physics 1997
“for development of methods to cool and trap atoms with laser light”
The Nobel Prize in Physics 2012
“for ground-breaking experimental methods that enable measuring and manipulation of individual quantum systems”
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1987
“for their development and use of molecules with structure-specific interactions of high selectivity”
Cologne University, Cologne, Federal Republic of Germany (1)
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1950
“for their discovery and development of the diene synthesis”
Columbia University, New York, NY, USA (17)
The Nobel Prize in Physics 1944
“for his resonance method for recording the magnetic properties of atomic nuclei”
The Nobel Prize in Physics 1949
“for his prediction of the existence of mesons on the basis of theoretical work on nuclear forces”
The Nobel Prize in Physics 1955
“for his precision determination of the magnetic moment of the electron”
The Nobel Prize in Physics 1957
“for their penetrating investigation of the so-called parity laws which has led to important discoveries regarding the elementary particles”
The Nobel Prize in Physics 1975
“for the discovery of the connection between collective motion and particle motion in atomic nuclei and the development of the theory of the structure of the atomic nucleus based on this connection”
The Nobel Prize in Physics 1998
“for their discovery of a new form of quantum fluid with fractionally charged excitations”
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2008
“for the discovery and development of the green fluorescent protein, GFP”
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2017
“for developing cryo-electron microscopy for the high-resolution structure determination of biomolecules in solution”
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1956
“for their discoveries concerning heart catheterization and pathological changes in the circulatory system”
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2000
“for their discoveries concerning signal transduction in the nervous system”
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2004
“for their discoveries of odorant receptors and the organization of the olfactory system”
The Prize in Economic Sciences 1996
“for their fundamental contributions to the economic theory of incentives under asymmetric information”
The Prize in Economic Sciences 1999
“for his analysis of monetary and fiscal policy under different exchange rate regimes and his analysis of optimum currency areas”
The Prize in Economic Sciences 2001
“for their analyses of markets with asymmetric information”
The Prize in Economic Sciences 2006
“for his analysis of intertemporal tradeoffs in macroeconomic policy”
Columbia University Division, Cardio-Pulmonary Laboratory, Bellevue Hospital, New York, NY, USA (1)
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1956
“for their discoveries concerning heart catheterization and pathological changes in the circulatory system”
Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark (3)
The Nobel Prize in Physics 1922
“for his services in the investigation of the structure of atoms and of the radiation emanating from them”
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1920
“for his discovery of the capillary motor regulating mechanism”
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1926
“for his discovery of the Spiroptera carcinoma”
Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA (8)
The Nobel Prize in Physics 1967
“for his contributions to the theory of nuclear reactions, especially his discoveries concerning the energy production in stars”
The Nobel Prize in Physics 1982
“for his theory for critical phenomena in connection with phase transitions”
The Nobel Prize in Physics 1996
“for their discovery of superfluidity in helium-3”
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1946
“for his discovery that enzymes can be crystallized”
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1955
“for his work on biochemically important sulphur compounds, especially for the first synthesis of a polypeptide hormone”
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1981
“for their theories, developed independently, concerning the course of chemical reactions”
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1968
“for their interpretation of the genetic code and its function in protein synthesis”
Department of Scientific and Industrial Research, London, United Kingdom (1)
The Nobel Prize in Physics 1947
“for his investigations of the physics of the upper atmosphere especially for the discovery of the so-called Appleton layer”
Digital Pathways, Inc., Mountain View, CA, USA (1)
The Nobel Prize in Physics 1988
“for the neutrino beam method and the demonstration of the doublet structure of the leptons through the discovery of the muon neutrino”
Drew University, Madison, NJ, USA (1)
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2015
“for their discoveries concerning a novel therapy against infections caused by roundworm parasites”
Du Pont, Wilmington, DE, USA (1)
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1987
“for their development and use of molecules with structure-specific interactions of high selectivity”
Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA (1)
Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA (1)
École municipale de physique et de chimie industrielles (Municipal School of Industrial Physics and Chemistry), Paris, France (1)
The Nobel Prize in Physics 1903
“in recognition of the extraordinary services they have rendered by their joint researches on the radiation phenomena discovered by Professor Henri Becquerel”
École Nationale Supérieur des Mines de Paris, Paris, France (1)
The Prize in Economic Sciences 1988
“for his pioneering contributions to the theory of markets and efficient utilization of resources”
École Normale Supérieure, Paris, France (3)
The Nobel Prize in Physics 1966
“for the discovery and development of optical methods for studying Hertzian resonances in atoms”
The Nobel Prize in Physics 1997
“for development of methods to cool and trap atoms with laser light”
The Nobel Prize in Physics 2012
“for ground-breaking experimental methods that enable measuring and manipulation of individual quantum systems”
École Polytechnique, Paris, France (1)
The Nobel Prize in Physics 1903
“in recognition of the extraordinary services he has rendered by his discovery of spontaneous radioactivity”
École Supérieure de Physique et Chimie, Paris, France (1)
The Nobel Prize in Physics 1992
“for his invention and development of particle detectors, in particular the multiwire proportional chamber”
Edinburgh University, Edinburgh, United Kingdom (2)
The Nobel Prize in Physics 1917
“for his discovery of the characteristic Röntgen radiation of the elements”
The Nobel Prize in Physics 1954
“for his fundamental research in quantum mechanics, especially for his statistical interpretation of the wavefunction”
Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (Swiss Federal Institute of Technology), Zurich, Switzerland (4)
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1939
“for his work on polymethylenes and higher terpenes”
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1975
“for his research into the stereochemistry of organic molecules and reactions”
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1991
“for his contributions to the development of the methodology of high resolution nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy”
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2002
“for his development of nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy for determining the three-dimensional structure of biological macromolecules in solution”
Enrico Fermi Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA (1)
The Nobel Prize in Physics 2008
“for the discovery of the mechanism of spontaneous broken symmetry in subatomic physics”
Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis, Minneapolis, MN, USA (1)
The Prize in Economic Sciences 2004
“for their contributions to dynamic macroeconomics: the time consistency of economic policy and the driving forces behind business cycles”
Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL, USA (1)
The Nobel Prize in Physics 1988
“for the neutrino beam method and the demonstration of the doublet structure of the leptons through the discovery of the muon neutrino”
Finsen Medical Light Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark (1)
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1903
“in recognition of his contribution to the treatment of diseases, especially lupus vulgaris, with concentrated light radiation, whereby he has opened a new avenue for medical science”
Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany (1)
Francis Crick Institute, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom (1)
Frankfurt-on-the-Main University, Frankfurt-on-the-Main, Germany (1)
The Nobel Prize in Physics 1914
“for his discovery of the diffraction of X-rays by crystals”
Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA (3)
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1990
“for their discoveries concerning organ and cell transplantation in the treatment of human disease”
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2001
“for their discoveries of key regulators of the cell cycle”
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2004
“for their discoveries of odorant receptors and the organization of the olfactory system”
Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Berlin, Federal Republic of Germany (1)
The Nobel Prize in Physics 1986
“for his fundamental work in electron optics, and for the design of the first electron microscope”
Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Berlin, Germany (1)
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2007
“for his studies of chemical processes on solid surfaces”
General Electric Company, Schenectady, NY, USA (2)
The Nobel Prize in Physics 1973
“for their experimental discoveries regarding tunneling phenomena in semiconductors and superconductors, respectively”
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1932
“for his discoveries and investigations in surface chemistry”
George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA (1)
The Prize in Economic Sciences 2002
“for having established laboratory experiments as a tool in empirical economic analysis, especially in the study of alternative market mechanisms”
German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany (2)
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2014
“for the development of super-resolved fluorescence microscopy”
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2008
“for his discovery of human papilloma viruses causing cervical cancer”
Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (1)
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1938
“for the discovery of the role played by the sinus and aortic mechanisms in the regulation of respiration”
Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA (1)
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2012
“for the discovery that mature cells can be reprogrammed to become pluripotent”
Glynn Research Laboratories, Bodmin, United Kingdom (1)
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1978
“for his contribution to the understanding of biological energy transfer through the formulation of the chemiosmotic theory”
Goettingen University, Göttingen, Germany (5)
The Nobel Prize in Physics 1925
“for their discovery of the laws governing the impact of an electron upon an atom”
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1910
“in recognition of his services to organic chemistry and the chemical industry by his pioneer work in the field of alicyclic compounds”
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1925
“for his demonstration of the heterogenous nature of colloid solutions and for the methods he used, which have since become fundamental in modern colloid chemistry”
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1928
“for the services rendered through his research into the constitution of the sterols and their connection with the vitamins”
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1908
“in recognition of their work on immunity”
Graz University, Graz, Austria (2)
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1923
“for his invention of the method of micro-analysis of organic substances”
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1936
“for their discoveries relating to chemical transmission of nerve impulses”
Greifswald University, Greifswald, Germany (1)
The Nobel Prize in Physics 1919
“for his discovery of the Doppler effect in canal rays and the splitting of spectral lines in electric fields”
Groningen University, Groningen, the Netherlands (1)
The Nobel Prize in Physics 1953
“for his demonstration of the phase contrast method, especially for his invention of the phase contrast microscope”
Gurdon Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom (1)
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2012
“for the discovery that mature cells can be reprogrammed to become pluripotent”
Göteborg University, Gothenburg, Sweden (1)
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2000
“for their discoveries concerning signal transduction in the nervous system”
Halle University, Halle, Germany (1)
The Nobel Prize in Physics 1925
“for their discovery of the laws governing the impact of an electron upon an atom”
Harvard Business School, Boston, MA, USA (1)
The Prize in Economic Sciences 2012
“for the theory of stable allocations and the practice of market design”
Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA (6)
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1953
“for his discovery of co-enzyme A and its importance for intermediary metabolism”
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1954
“for their discovery of the ability of poliomyelitis viruses to grow in cultures of various types of tissue”
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1980
“for their discoveries concerning genetically determined structures on the cell surface that regulate immunological reactions”
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1981
“for their discoveries concerning information processing in the visual system”
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1981
“for their discoveries concerning information processing in the visual system”
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2009
“for the discovery of how chromosomes are protected by telomeres and the enzyme telomerase”
Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA (27)
The Nobel Prize in Physics 1946
“for the invention of an apparatus to produce extremely high pressures, and for the discoveries he made therewith in the field of high pressure physics”
The Nobel Prize in Physics 1952
“for their development of new methods for nuclear magnetic precision measurements and discoveries in connection therewith”
The Nobel Prize in Physics 1965
“for their fundamental work in quantum electrodynamics, with deep-ploughing consequences for the physics of elementary particles”
The Nobel Prize in Physics 1977
“for their fundamental theoretical investigations of the electronic structure of magnetic and disordered systems”
The Nobel Prize in Physics 1979
“for their contributions to the theory of the unified weak and electromagnetic interaction between elementary particles, including, inter alia, the prediction of the weak neutral current”
The Nobel Prize in Physics 1981
“for their contribution to the development of laser spectroscopy”
The Nobel Prize in Physics 1989
“for the invention of the separated oscillatory fields method and its use in the hydrogen maser and other atomic clocks”
The Nobel Prize in Physics 2005
“for his contribution to the quantum theory of optical coherence”
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1914
“in recognition of his accurate determinations of the atomic weight of a large number of chemical elements”
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1965
“for his outstanding achievements in the art of organic synthesis”
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1976
“for his studies on the structure of boranes illuminating problems of chemical bonding”
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1986
“for their contributions concerning the dynamics of chemical elementary processes”
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1990
“for his development of the theory and methodology of organic synthesis”
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2013
“for the development of multiscale models for complex chemical systems”
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1934
“for their discoveries concerning liver therapy in cases of anaemia”
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1934
“for their discoveries concerning liver therapy in cases of anaemia”
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1961
“for his discoveries of the physical mechanism of stimulation within the cochlea”
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1962
“for their discoveries concerning the molecular structure of nucleic acids and its significance for information transfer in living material”
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1964
“for their discoveries concerning the mechanism and regulation of the cholesterol and fatty acid metabolism”
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1967
“for their discoveries concerning the primary physiological and chemical visual processes in the eye”
The Prize in Economic Sciences 1971
“for his empirically founded interpretation of economic growth which has led to new and deepened insight into the economic and social structure and process of development”
The Prize in Economic Sciences 1972
“for their pioneering contributions to general economic equilibrium theory and welfare theory”
The Prize in Economic Sciences 1973
“for the development of the input-output method and for its application to important economic problems”
The Prize in Economic Sciences 1997
“for a new method to determine the value of derivatives”
The Prize in Economic Sciences 2012
“for the theory of stable allocations and the practice of market design”
Harvard University, Biological Laboratories, Cambridge, MA, USA (1)
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1980
“for their contributions concerning the determination of base sequences in nucleic acids”
Harvard University, Lyman Laboratory, Cambridge, MA, USA (1)
The Nobel Prize in Physics 1979
“for their contributions to the theory of the unified weak and electromagnetic interaction between elementary particles, including, inter alia, the prediction of the weak neutral current”
High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Japan (1)
The Nobel Prize in Physics 2008
“for the discovery of the origin of the broken symmetry which predicts the existence of at least three families of quarks in nature”
Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan (1)
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2010
“for palladium-catalyzed cross couplings in organic synthesis”
Howard Hughes Medical Institute, , (7)
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2008
“for the discovery and development of the green fluorescent protein, GFP”
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2009
“for studies of the structure and function of the ribosome”
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2009
“for the discovery of how chromosomes are protected by telomeres and the enzyme telomerase”
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2013
“for their discoveries of machinery regulating vesicle traffic, a major transport system in our cells”
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2013
“for their discoveries of machinery regulating vesicle traffic, a major transport system in our cells”
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2017
“for their discoveries of molecular mechanisms controlling the circadian rhythm”
Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Durham, NC, USA (1)
I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G., Heidelberg, Germany (1)
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1931
“in recognition of their contributions to the invention and development of chemical high pressure methods”
I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G., Mannheim-Rheinau, Germany (1)
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1931
“in recognition of their contributions to the invention and development of chemical high pressure methods”
IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, NY, USA (1)
The Nobel Prize in Physics 1973
“for their experimental discoveries regarding tunneling phenomena in semiconductors and superconductors, respectively”
IBM Zurich Research Laboratory, Rüschlikon, Switzerland (4)
The Nobel Prize in Physics 1986
“for their design of the scanning tunneling microscope”
The Nobel Prize in Physics 1987
“for their important break-through in the discovery of superconductivity in ceramic materials”
The Nobel Prize in Physics 1987
“for their important break-through in the discovery of superconductivity in ceramic materials”
Imperial Cancer Research Fund, London, United Kingdom (2)
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2001
“for their discoveries of key regulators of the cell cycle”
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2001
“for their discoveries of key regulators of the cell cycle”
Imperial Cancer Research Fund Laboratory, London, United Kingdom (1)
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1975
“for their discoveries concerning the interaction between tumour viruses and the genetic material of the cell”
Imperial College, London, United Kingdom (4)
The Nobel Prize in Physics 1971
“for his invention and development of the holographic method”
The Nobel Prize in Physics 1979
“for their contributions to the theory of the unified weak and electromagnetic interaction between elementary particles, including, inter alia, the prediction of the weak neutral current”
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1969
“for their contributions to the development of the concept of conformation and its application in chemistry”
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1973
“for their pioneering work, performed independently, on the chemistry of the organometallic, so called sandwich compounds”
Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA (2)
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1946
“for the discovery of the production of mutations by means of X-ray irradiation”
The Prize in Economic Sciences 2009
“for her analysis of economic governance, especially the commons”
Innsbruck University, Innsbruck, Austria (1)
Institut du Radium, Paris, France (2)
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1935
“in recognition of their synthesis of new radioactive elements”
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1935
“in recognition of their synthesis of new radioactive elements”
Institut Français du Pétrole, Rueil-Malmaison, France (1)
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2005
“for the development of the metathesis method in organic synthesis”
Institut Pasteur, Paris, France (5)
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1907
“in recognition of his work on the role played by protozoa in causing diseases”
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1908
“in recognition of their work on immunity”
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1965
“for their discoveries concerning genetic control of enzyme and virus synthesis”
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1965
“for their discoveries concerning genetic control of enzyme and virus synthesis”
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1965
“for their discoveries concerning genetic control of enzyme and virus synthesis”
Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton, NJ, USA (2)
The Nobel Prize in Physics 1957
“for their penetrating investigation of the so-called parity laws which has led to important discoveries regarding the elementary particles”
The Prize in Economic Sciences 2007
“for having laid the foundations of mechanism design theory”
Institute for Biochemical Research, Buenos Aires, Argentina (1)
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1970
“for his discovery of sugar nucleotides and their role in the biosynthesis of carbohydrates”
Institute for Chemical Physics of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Moscow, USSR (1)
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1956
“for their researches into the mechanism of chemical reactions”
Institute for Infectious Diseases, Berlin, Germany (1)
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1905
“for his investigations and discoveries in relation to tuberculosis”
Institute of Cell Biology of the C.N.R., Rome, Italy (1)
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1986
“for their discoveries of growth factors”
Institute of Physical Chemistry, Cambridge, United Kingdom (1)
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1967
“for their studies of extremely fast chemical reactions, effected by disturbing the equilibrium by means of very short pulses of energy”
Institute of Technology, Milan, Italy (1)
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1963
“for their discoveries in the field of the chemistry and technology of high polymers”
Instituto de Biologia y Medicina Experimental (Institute for Biology and Experimental Medicine), Buenos Aires, Argentina (1)
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1947
“for his discovery of the part played by the hormone of the anterior pituitary lobe in the metabolism of sugar”
International Centre for Theoretical Physics, Trieste, Italy (1)
The Nobel Prize in Physics 1979
“for their contributions to the theory of the unified weak and electromagnetic interaction between elementary particles, including, inter alia, the prediction of the weak neutral current”
Istituto Superiore di Sanità (Chief Institute of Public Health), Rome, Italy (1)
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1957
“for his discoveries relating to synthetic compounds that inhibit the action of certain body substances, and especially their action on the vascular system and the skeletal muscles”
Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME, USA (1)
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1980
“for their discoveries concerning genetically determined structures on the cell surface that regulate immunological reactions”
Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA, USA (1)
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2014
“for the development of super-resolved fluorescence microscopy”
Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA (1)
The Nobel Prize in Physics 2011
“for the discovery of the accelerating expansion of the Universe through observations of distant supernovae”
Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA (4)
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1978
“for the discovery of restriction enzymes and their application to problems of molecular genetics”
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1978
“for the discovery of restriction enzymes and their application to problems of molecular genetics”
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2009
“for the discovery of how chromosomes are protected by telomeres and the enzyme telomerase”
Kaiser-Wilhelm-Institut (now Fritz-Haber-Institut) für physikalische Chemie und Electrochemie, Berlin-Dahlem, Germany (1)
Kaiser-Wilhelm-Institut (now Max-Planck Institut) für Chemie, Berlin-Dahlem, Germany (1)
Kaiser-Wilhelm-Institut (now Max-Planck Institut) für Medizinische Forschung, Heidelberg, Germany (1)
Kaiser-Wilhelm-Institut (now Max-Planck-Institut) für Biochemie, Berlin-Dahlem, Germany (1)
Kaiser-Wilhelm-Institut (now Max-Planck-Institut) für Biologie, Berlin-Dahlem, Germany (1)
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1931
“for his discovery of the nature and mode of action of the respiratory enzyme”
Kaiser-Wilhelm-Institut (now Max-Planck-Institut) für Physik, Berlin, Germany (2)
The Nobel Prize in Physics 1921
“for his services to Theoretical Physics, and especially for his discovery of the law of the photoelectric effect”
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1936
“for his contributions to our knowledge of molecular structure through his investigations on dipole moments and on the diffraction of X-rays and electrons in gases”
Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (4)
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1967
“for their discoveries concerning the primary physiological and chemical visual processes in the eye”
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1970
“for their discoveries concerning the humoral transmittors in the nerve terminals and the mechanism for their storage, release and inactivation”
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1982
“for their discoveries concerning prostaglandins and related biologically active substances”
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1982
“for their discoveries concerning prostaglandins and related biologically active substances”
Karolinska Institutet, Nobel Medical Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (1)
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1955
“for his discoveries concerning the nature and mode of action of oxidation enzymes”
Kiel University, Kiel, Germany (2)
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1922
“for his discovery of the fixed relationship between the consumption of oxygen and the metabolism of lactic acid in the muscle”
Kiel University, Kiel, Federal Republic of Germany (1)
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1950
“for their discovery and development of the diene synthesis”
Kitasato University, Tokyo, Japan (1)
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2015
“for their discoveries concerning a novel therapy against infections caused by roundworm parasites”
Konrad-Lorenz-Institut der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Forschungsstelle für Ethologie, Altenberg; Grünau im Almtal, Austria (1)
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1973
“for their discoveries concerning organization and elicitation of individual and social behaviour patterns”
Kyoto Imperial University, Kyoto, Japan (1)
The Nobel Prize in Physics 1949
“for his prediction of the existence of mesons on the basis of theoretical work on nuclear forces”
Kyoto Sangyo University, Kyoto, Japan (1)
The Nobel Prize in Physics 2008
“for the discovery of the origin of the broken symmetry which predicts the existence of at least three families of quarks in nature”
Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan (2)
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1981
“for their theories, developed independently, concerning the course of chemical reactions”
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2012
“for the discovery that mature cells can be reprogrammed to become pluripotent”
Königliches Institut für experimentelle Therapie (Royal Institute for Experimental Therapy), Frankfurt-on-the-Main, Germany (1)
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1908
“in recognition of their work on immunity”
Laboratories of the Division of Medicine and Public Health, Rockefeller Foundation, New York, NY, USA (1)
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1951
“for his discoveries concerning yellow fever and how to combat it”
Laboratorium der Farben-Fabriken J.R. Geigy A.G. (Laboratory of the J.R. Geigy Dye-Factory Co.), Basel, Switzerland (1)
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1948
“for his discovery of the high efficiency of DDT as a contact poison against several arthropods”
Landwirtschaftliche Hochschule (Agricultural College), Berlin, Germany (1)
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1907
“for his biochemical researches and his discovery of cell-free fermentation”
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA (1)
The Nobel Prize in Physics 2011
“for the discovery of the accelerating expansion of the Universe through observations of distant supernovae”
Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands (3)
The Nobel Prize in Physics 1902
“in recognition of the extraordinary service they rendered by their researches into the influence of magnetism upon radiation phenomena”
The Nobel Prize in Physics 1913
“for his investigations on the properties of matter at low temperatures which led, inter alia, to the production of liquid helium”
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1924
“for his discovery of the mechanism of the electrocardiogram”
Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany (2)
The Nobel Prize in Physics 1932
“for the creation of quantum mechanics, the application of which has, inter alia, led to the discovery of the allotropic forms of hydrogen”
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1909
“in recognition of his work on catalysis and for his investigations into the fundamental principles governing chemical equilibria and rates of reaction”
LIGO/VIRGO Collaboration, , (3)
The Nobel Prize in Physics 2017
“for decisive contributions to the LIGO detector and the observation of gravitational waves”
The Nobel Prize in Physics 2017
“for decisive contributions to the LIGO detector and the observation of gravitational waves”
The Nobel Prize in Physics 2017
“for decisive contributions to the LIGO detector and the observation of gravitational waves”
Liverpool University, Liverpool, United Kingdom (1)
The Nobel Prize in Physics 1935
“for the discovery of the neutron”
Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, USSR (now Russia) (3)
The Nobel Prize in Physics 1958
“for the discovery and the interpretation of the Cherenkov effect”
The Nobel Prize in Physics 1958
“for the discovery and the interpretation of the Cherenkov effect”
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1956
“for their researches into the mechanism of chemical reactions”
London School of Economics and Political Science, London, United Kingdom (1)
The Prize in Economic Sciences 2010
“for their analysis of markets with search frictions”
London University, London, United Kingdom (6)
The Nobel Prize in Physics 1928
“for his work on the thermionic phenomenon and especially for the discovery of the law named after him”
The Nobel Prize in Physics 1937
“for their experimental discovery of the diffraction of electrons by crystals”
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1929
“for their investigations on the fermentation of sugar and fermentative enzymes”
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1922
“for his discovery relating to the production of heat in the muscle”
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1945
“for the discovery of penicillin and its curative effect in various infectious diseases”
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1962
“for their discoveries concerning the molecular structure of nucleic acids and its significance for information transfer in living material”
London University, King’s College Hospital Medical School, London, United Kingdom (1)
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1988
“for their discoveries of important principles for drug treatment”
Long Term Capital Management, Greenwich, CT, USA (1)
The Prize in Economic Sciences 1997
“for a new method to determine the value of derivatives”
Ludwig-Maximilians- Universität, Munich, Germany (1)
The Nobel Prize in Physics 2005
“for their contributions to the development of laser-based precision spectroscopy, including the optical frequency comb technique”
Madrid University, Madrid, Spain (1)
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1906
“in recognition of their work on the structure of the nervous system”
Mainz University, Mainz, Federal Republic of Germany (1)
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1956
“for their discoveries concerning heart catheterization and pathological changes in the circulatory system”
Marburg University, Marburg, Germany (1)
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1901
“for his work on serum therapy, especially its application against diphtheria, by which he has opened a new road in the domain of medical science and thereby placed in the hands of the physician a victorious weapon against illness and deaths”
Marconi Wireless Telegraph Co. Ltd., London, United Kingdom (1)
The Nobel Prize in Physics 1909
“in recognition of their contributions to the development of wireless telegraphy”
Marine Biological Laboratory (MBL), Woods Hole, MA, USA (1)
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2008
“for the discovery and development of the green fluorescent protein, GFP”
Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA (2)
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1953
“for his discovery of co-enzyme A and its importance for intermediary metabolism”
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2009
“for the discovery of how chromosomes are protected by telomeres and the enzyme telomerase”
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA, USA (19)
The Nobel Prize in Physics 1964
“for fundamental work in the field of quantum electronics, which has led to the construction of oscillators and amplifiers based on the maser-laser principle”
The Nobel Prize in Physics 1976
“for their pioneering work in the discovery of a heavy elementary particle of a new kind”
The Nobel Prize in Physics 1990
“for their pioneering investigations concerning deep inelastic scattering of electrons on protons and bound neutrons, which have been of essential importance for the development of the quark model in particle physics”
The Nobel Prize in Physics 1990
“for their pioneering investigations concerning deep inelastic scattering of electrons on protons and bound neutrons, which have been of essential importance for the development of the quark model in particle physics”
The Nobel Prize in Physics 1994
“for the development of the neutron diffraction technique”
The Nobel Prize in Physics 2001
“for the achievement of Bose-Einstein condensation in dilute gases of alkali atoms, and for early fundamental studies of the properties of the condensates”
The Nobel Prize in Physics 2004
“for the discovery of asymptotic freedom in the theory of the strong interaction”
The Nobel Prize in Physics 2017
“for decisive contributions to the LIGO detector and the observation of gravitational waves”
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1995
“for their work in atmospheric chemistry, particularly concerning the formation and decomposition of ozone”
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2005
“for the development of the metathesis method in organic synthesis”
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1969
“for their discoveries concerning the replication mechanism and the genetic structure of viruses”
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1975
“for their discoveries concerning the interaction between tumour viruses and the genetic material of the cell”
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1987
“for his discovery of the genetic principle for generation of antibody diversity”
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2002
“for their discoveries concerning genetic regulation of organ development and programmed cell death'”
The Prize in Economic Sciences 1970
“for the scientific work through which he has developed static and dynamic economic theory and actively contributed to raising the level of analysis in economic science”
The Prize in Economic Sciences 1985
“for his pioneering analyses of saving and of financial markets”
The Prize in Economic Sciences 1987
“for his contributions to the theory of economic growth”
The Prize in Economic Sciences 2010
“for their analysis of markets with search frictions”
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Center for Cancer Research, Cambridge, MA, USA (1)
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1993
“for their discoveries of split genes”
Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany (1)
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2014
“for the development of super-resolved fluorescence microscopy”
Max-Planck-Institut für Biochemie, Martinsried, Federal Republic of Germany (1)
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1988
“for the determination of the three-dimensional structure of a photosynthetic reaction centre”
Max-Planck-Institut für Biophysik, Frankfurt-on-the-Main, Federal Republic of Germany (1)
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1988
“for the determination of the three-dimensional structure of a photosynthetic reaction centre”
Max-Planck-Institut für Biophysikalische Chemie, Göttingen, Federal Republic of Germany (1)
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1991
“for their discoveries concerning the function of single ion channels in cells”
Max-Planck-Institut für Chemie, Mainz, Federal Republic of Germany (1)
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1995
“for their work in atmospheric chemistry, particularly concerning the formation and decomposition of ozone”
Max-Planck-Institut für Entwicklungsbiologie, Tübingen, Federal Republic of Germany (1)
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1995
“for their discoveries concerning the genetic control of early embryonic development”
Max-Planck-Institut für Festkörperforschung, Stuttgart, Federal Republic of Germany (1)
Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung (Max-Planck-Institute for Carbon Research), Mülheim/Ruhr, Federal Republic of Germany (1)
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1963
“for their discoveries in the field of the chemistry and technology of high polymers”
Max-Planck-Institut für medizinische Forschung, Heidelberg, Federal Republic of Germany (2)
The Nobel Prize in Physics 1954
“for the coincidence method and his discoveries made therewith”
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1991
“for their discoveries concerning the function of single ion channels in cells”
Max-Planck-Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Göttingen, Federal Republic of Germany (1)
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1967
“for their studies of extremely fast chemical reactions, effected by disturbing the equilibrium by means of very short pulses of energy”
Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, Garching, Germany (1)
The Nobel Prize in Physics 2005
“for their contributions to the development of laser-based precision spectroscopy, including the optical frequency comb technique”
Max-Planck-Institut für Zellchemie, Munich, Federal Republic of Germany (1)
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1964
“for their discoveries concerning the mechanism and regulation of the cholesterol and fatty acid metabolism”
Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA (2)
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1950
“for their discoveries relating to the hormones of the adrenal cortex, their structure and biological effects”
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1950
“for their discoveries relating to the hormones of the adrenal cortex, their structure and biological effects”
McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (1)
Meijo University, Nagoya, Japan (1)
The Nobel Prize in Physics 2014
“for the invention of efficient blue light-emitting diodes which has enabled bright and energy-saving white light sources”
Military Medical Academy, St. Petersburg, Russia (1)
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1904
“in recognition of his work on the physiology of digestion, through which knowledge on vital aspects of the subject has been transformed and enlarged”
MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom (9)
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1962
“for their studies of the structures of globular proteins”
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1962
“for their studies of the structures of globular proteins”
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1980
“for their contributions concerning the determination of base sequences in nucleic acids”
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1982
“for his development of crystallographic electron microscopy and his structural elucidation of biologically important nucleic acid-protein complexes”
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1997
“for their elucidation of the enzymatic mechanism underlying the synthesis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP)”
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2009
“for studies of the structure and function of the ribosome”
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2017
“for developing cryo-electron microscopy for the high-resolution structure determination of biomolecules in solution”
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1962
“for their discoveries concerning the molecular structure of nucleic acids and its significance for information transfer in living material”
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1984
“for theories concerning the specificity in development and control of the immune system and the discovery of the principle for production of monoclonal antibodies”
Munich University, Munich, Germany (4)
The Nobel Prize in Physics 1901
“in recognition of the extraordinary services he has rendered by the discovery of the remarkable rays subsequently named after him”
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1905
“in recognition of his services in the advancement of organic chemistry and the chemical industry, through his work on organic dyes and hydroaromatic compounds”
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1915
“for his researches on plant pigments, especially chlorophyll”
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1927
“for his investigations of the constitution of the bile acids and related substances”
Munster University, Munster, Germany (1)
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1939
“for the discovery of the antibacterial effects of prontosil”
Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan (3)
The Nobel Prize in Physics 2014
“for the invention of efficient blue light-emitting diodes which has enabled bright and energy-saving white light sources”
The Nobel Prize in Physics 2014
“for the invention of efficient blue light-emitting diodes which has enabled bright and energy-saving white light sources”
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2001
“for their work on chirally catalysed hydrogenation reactions”
Nancy University, Nancy, France (1)
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1912
“for the discovery of the so-called Grignard reagent, which in recent years has greatly advanced the progress of organic chemistry”
NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA (1)
The Nobel Prize in Physics 2006
“for their discovery of the blackbody form and anisotropy of the cosmic microwave background radiation”
National Institute for Medical Research, London, United Kingdom (2)
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1952
“for their invention of partition chromatography”
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1936
“for their discoveries relating to chemical transmission of nerve impulses”
National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA (1)
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1994
“for their discovery of G-proteins and the role of these proteins in signal transduction in cells”
National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, USA (1)
The Nobel Prize in Physics 1997
“for development of methods to cool and trap atoms with laser light”
National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA (2)
The Nobel Prize in Physics 2005
“for their contributions to the development of laser-based precision spectroscopy, including the optical frequency comb technique”
The Nobel Prize in Physics 2012
“for ground-breaking experimental methods that enable measuring and manipulation of individual quantum systems”
National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA (4)
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1972
“for his work on ribonuclease, especially concerning the connection between the amino acid sequence and the biologically active conformation”
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1968
“for their interpretation of the genetic code and its function in protein synthesis”
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1970
“for their discoveries concerning the humoral transmittors in the nerve terminals and the mechanism for their storage, release and inactivation”
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1976
“for their discoveries concerning new mechanisms for the origin and dissemination of infectious diseases”
National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, Canada (1)
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1971
“for his contributions to the knowledge of electronic structure and geometry of molecules, particularly free radicals”
Neurological Institute, Lisbon, Portugal (1)
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1949
“for his discovery of the therapeutic value of leucotomy in certain psychoses”
New England Biolabs, Beverly, MA, USA (1)
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1993
“for their discoveries of split genes”
New York University, New York, NY, USA (2)
The Prize in Economic Sciences 2003
“for methods of analyzing economic time series with time-varying volatility (ARCH)”
The Prize in Economic Sciences 2011
“for their empirical research on cause and effect in the macroeconomy”
New York University, College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA (1)
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1959
“for their discovery of the mechanisms in the biological synthesis of ribonucleic acid and deoxyribonucleic acid”
NHMRC Helicobacter pylori Research Laboratory, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, Australia (1)
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2005
“for their discovery of the bacterium Helicobacter pylori and its role in gastritis and peptic ulcer disease”
Niels Bohr Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark (1)
The Nobel Prize in Physics 1975
“for the discovery of the connection between collective motion and particle motion in atomic nuclei and the development of the theory of the structure of the atomic nucleus based on this connection”
Nordita, Copenhagen, Denmark (1)
The Nobel Prize in Physics 1975
“for the discovery of the connection between collective motion and particle motion in atomic nuclei and the development of the theory of the structure of the atomic nucleus based on this connection”
Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA (3)
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1998
“for his development of computational methods in quantum chemistry”
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2016
“for the design and synthesis of molecular machines”
The Prize in Economic Sciences 2010
“for their analysis of markets with search frictions”
Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway (2)
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2014
“for their discoveries of cells that constitute a positioning system in the brain”
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2014
“for their discoveries of cells that constitute a positioning system in the brain”
P.N. Lebedev Physical Institute, Moscow, Russia (1)
The Nobel Prize in Physics 2003
“for pioneering contributions to the theory of superconductors and superfluids”
P.N. Lebedev Physical Institute, Moscow, USSR (5)
The Nobel Prize in Physics 1958
“for the discovery and the interpretation of the Cherenkov effect”
The Nobel Prize in Physics 1958
“for the discovery and the interpretation of the Cherenkov effect”
The Nobel Prize in Physics 1958
“for the discovery and the interpretation of the Cherenkov effect”
The Nobel Prize in Physics 1964
“for fundamental work in the field of quantum electronics, which has led to the construction of oscillators and amplifiers based on the maser-laser principle”
The Nobel Prize in Physics 1964
“for fundamental work in the field of quantum electronics, which has led to the construction of oscillators and amplifiers based on the maser-laser principle”
Pavia University, Pavia, Italy (1)
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1906
“in recognition of their work on the structure of the nervous system”
Peter Brent Brigham Hospital, Boston, MA, USA (1)
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1934
“for their discoveries concerning liver therapy in cases of anaemia”
Polarographic Institute of the Czechoslovak Academy of Science, Prague, Czechoslovakia (1)
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1959
“for his discovery and development of the polarographic methods of analysis”
Polytechnic Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark (1)
Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA (14)
The Nobel Prize in Physics 1945
“for the discovery of the Exclusion Principle, also called the Pauli Principle”
The Nobel Prize in Physics 1963
“for his contributions to the theory of the atomic nucleus and the elementary particles, particularly through the discovery and application of fundamental symmetry principles”
The Nobel Prize in Physics 1980
“for the discovery of violations of fundamental symmetry principles in the decay of neutral K-mesons”
The Nobel Prize in Physics 1993
“for the discovery of a new type of pulsar, a discovery that has opened up new possibilities for the study of gravitation”
The Nobel Prize in Physics 1993
“for the discovery of a new type of pulsar, a discovery that has opened up new possibilities for the study of gravitation”
The Nobel Prize in Physics 1998
“for their discovery of a new form of quantum fluid with fractionally charged excitations”
The Nobel Prize in Physics 2016
“for theoretical discoveries of topological phase transitions and topological phases of matter”
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1995
“for their discoveries concerning the genetic control of early embryonic development”
The Prize in Economic Sciences 1979
“for their pioneering research into economic development research with particular consideration of the problems of developing countries”
The Prize in Economic Sciences 1994
“for their pioneering analysis of equilibria in the theory of non-cooperative games”
The Prize in Economic Sciences 2002
“for having integrated insights from psychological research into economic science, especially concerning human judgment and decision-making under uncertainty”
The Prize in Economic Sciences 2008
“for his analysis of trade patterns and location of economic activity”
The Prize in Economic Sciences 2011
“for their empirical research on cause and effect in the macroeconomy”
The Prize in Economic Sciences 2015
“for his analysis of consumption, poverty, and welfare”
Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA (2)
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1979
“for their development of the use of boron- and phosphorus-containing compounds, respectively, into important reagents in organic synthesis”
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2010
“for palladium-catalyzed cross couplings in organic synthesis”
Queen’s University, Kingston, Canada (1)
The Nobel Prize in Physics 2015
“for the discovery of neutrino oscillations, which shows that neutrinos have mass”
Regulation of Retroviral Infections Unit, Virology Department, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France (1)
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2008
“for their discovery of human immunodeficiency virus”
Research Division of Infectious Diseases, Children’s Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA (2)
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1954
“for their discovery of the ability of poliomyelitis viruses to grow in cultures of various types of tissue”
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1954
“for their discovery of the ability of poliomyelitis viruses to grow in cultures of various types of tissue”
Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität, Bonn, Federal Republic of Germany (1)
The Prize in Economic Sciences 1994
“for their pioneering analysis of equilibria in the theory of non-cooperative games”
Rice University, Houston, TX, USA (2)
Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research, Princeton, NJ, USA (2)
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1946
“for their preparation of enzymes and virus proteins in a pure form”
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1946
“for their preparation of enzymes and virus proteins in a pure form”
Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research, New York, NY, USA (4)
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1912
“in recognition of his work on vascular suture and the transplantation of blood vessels and organs”
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1930
“for his discovery of human blood groups”
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1944
“for their discoveries relating to the highly differentiated functions of single nerve fibres”
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1958
“for their discovery that genes act by regulating definite chemical events”
Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA (12)
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1972
“for their contribution to the understanding of the connection between chemical structure and catalytic activity of the active centre of the ribonuclease molecule”
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1972
“for their contribution to the understanding of the connection between chemical structure and catalytic activity of the active centre of the ribonuclease molecule”
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1984
“for his development of methodology for chemical synthesis on a solid matrix”
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2003
“for structural and mechanistic studies of ion channels”
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1966
“for his discovery of tumour-inducing viruses”
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1967
“for their discoveries concerning the primary physiological and chemical visual processes in the eye”
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1972
“for their discoveries concerning the chemical structure of antibodies”
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1974
“for their discoveries concerning the structural and functional organization of the cell”
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1999
“for the discovery that proteins have intrinsic signals that govern their transport and localization in the cell”
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2000
“for their discoveries concerning signal transduction in the nervous system”
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2011
“for his discovery of the dendritic cell and its role in adaptive immunity”
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2017
“for their discoveries of molecular mechanisms controlling the circadian rhythm”
Rome University, Rome, Italy (1)
The Nobel Prize in Physics 1938
“for his demonstrations of the existence of new radioactive elements produced by neutron irradiation, and for his related discovery of nuclear reactions brought about by slow neutrons”
Rowett Research Institute, Bucksburn (Scotland), United Kingdom (1)
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1952
“for their invention of partition chromatography”
Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden (1)
The Nobel Prize in Physics 1970
“for fundamental work and discoveries in magnetohydro-dynamics with fruitful applications in different parts of plasma physics”
Royal Institution of Great Britain, London, United Kingdom (2)
The Nobel Prize in Physics 1904
“for his investigations of the densities of the most important gases and for his discovery of argon in connection with these studies”
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1967
“for their studies of extremely fast chemical reactions, effected by disturbing the equilibrium by means of very short pulses of energy”
Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA (1)
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1952
“for his discovery of streptomycin, the first antibiotic effective against tuberculosis”
Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, USA (1)
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1943
“for his discovery of the chemical nature of vitamin K”
Semiconductor Laboratory of Beckman Instruments, Inc., Mountain View, CA, USA (1)
The Nobel Prize in Physics 1956
“for their researches on semiconductors and their discovery of the transistor effect”
Sheffield University, Sheffield, United Kingdom (1)
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1953
“for his discovery of the citric acid cycle”
Shimadzu Corp., Kyoto, Japan (1)
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2002
“for their development of soft desorption ionisation methods for mass spectrometric analyses of biological macromolecules”
Sorbonne University, Paris, France (6)
The Nobel Prize in Physics 1908
“for his method of reproducing colours photographically based on the phenomenon of interference”
The Nobel Prize in Physics 1926
“for his work on the discontinuous structure of matter, and especially for his discovery of sedimentation equilibrium”
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1906
“in recognition of the great services rendered by him in his investigation and isolation of the element fluorine, and for the adoption in the service of science of the electric furnace called after him”
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1911
“in recognition of her services to the advancement of chemistry by the discovery of the elements radium and polonium, by the isolation of radium and the study of the nature and compounds of this remarkable element”
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1913
“in recognition of his work on anaphylaxis”
Sorbonne University, Institut Henri Poincaré, Paris, France (1)
The Nobel Prize in Physics 1929
“for his discovery of the wave nature of electrons”
Space Telescope Science Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA (1)
The Nobel Prize in Physics 2011
“for the discovery of the accelerating expansion of the Universe through observations of distant supernovae”
St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA (1)
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1996
“for their discoveries concerning the specificity of the cell mediated immune defence”
Staatliches Institut für makromolekulare Chemie (State Research Institute for Macromolecular Chemistry), Freiburg, Breisgau, Federal Republic of Germany (1)
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1953
“for his discoveries in the field of macromolecular chemistry”
Standard Telecommunication Laboratories, Harlow, United Kingdom (1)
The Nobel Prize in Physics 2009
“for groundbreaking achievements concerning the transmission of light in fibers for optical communication”
Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, Stanford, CA, USA (1)
The Nobel Prize in Physics 1976
“for their pioneering work in the discovery of a heavy elementary particle of a new kind”
Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA (18)
The Nobel Prize in Physics 1952
“for their development of new methods for nuclear magnetic precision measurements and discoveries in connection therewith”
The Nobel Prize in Physics 1955
“for his discoveries concerning the fine structure of the hydrogen spectrum”
The Nobel Prize in Physics 1961
“for his pioneering studies of electron scattering in atomic nuclei and for his thereby achieved discoveries concerning the structure of the nucleons”
The Nobel Prize in Physics 1981
“for their contribution to the development of laser spectroscopy”
The Nobel Prize in Physics 1990
“for their pioneering investigations concerning deep inelastic scattering of electrons on protons and bound neutrons, which have been of essential importance for the development of the quark model in particle physics”
The Nobel Prize in Physics 1996
“for their discovery of superfluidity in helium-3”
The Nobel Prize in Physics 1997
“for development of methods to cool and trap atoms with laser light”
The Nobel Prize in Physics 1998
“for their discovery of a new form of quantum fluid with fractionally charged excitations”
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1974
“for his fundamental achievements, both theoretical and experimental, in the physical chemistry of the macromolecules”
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1980
“for his fundamental studies of the biochemistry of nucleic acids, with particular regard to recombinant-DNA”
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1983
“for his work on the mechanisms of electron transfer reactions, especially in metal complexes”
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2006
“for his studies of the molecular basis of eukaryotic transcription”
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2014
“for the development of super-resolved fluorescence microscopy”
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1959
“for their discovery of the mechanisms in the biological synthesis of ribonucleic acid and deoxyribonucleic acid”
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2013
“for their discoveries of machinery regulating vesicle traffic, a major transport system in our cells”
The Prize in Economic Sciences 1990
“for their pioneering work in the theory of financial economics”
The Prize in Economic Sciences 2001
“for their analyses of markets with asymmetric information”
Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA (3)
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2013
“for the development of multiscale models for complex chemical systems”
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2006
“for their discovery of RNA interference – gene silencing by double-stranded RNA”
Stockholm School of Economics, Stockholm, Sweden (1)
The Prize in Economic Sciences 1977
“for their pathbreaking contribution to the theory of international trade and international capital movements”
Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden (3)
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1903
“in recognition of the extraordinary services he has rendered to the advancement of chemistry by his electrolytic theory of dissociation”
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1929
“for their investigations on the fermentation of sugar and fermentative enzymes”
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1943
“for his work on the use of isotopes as tracers in the study of chemical processes”
Strasbourg University, Strasbourg, Alsace (then Germany, now France) (1)
The Nobel Prize in Physics 1909
“in recognition of their contributions to the development of wireless telegraphy”
SUNY Health Science Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA (1)
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1998
“for their discoveries concerning nitric oxide as a signalling molecule in the cardiovascular system”
Swedish Gas-Accumulator Co., Lidingö-Stockholm, Sweden (1)
The Nobel Prize in Physics 1912
“for his invention of automatic regulators for use in conjunction with gas accumulators for illuminating lighthouses and buoys”
Szeged University, Szeged, Hungary (1)
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1937
“for his discoveries in connection with the biological combustion processes, with special reference to vitamin C and the catalysis of fumaric acid”
Technical University, Munich, Federal Republic of Germany (2)
The Nobel Prize in Physics 1961
“for his researches concerning the resonance absorption of gamma radiation and his discovery in this connection of the effect which bears his name”
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1973
“for their pioneering work, performed independently, on the chemistry of the organometallic, so called sandwich compounds”
Technion – Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel (3)
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2004
“for the discovery of ubiquitin-mediated protein degradation”
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2004
“for the discovery of ubiquitin-mediated protein degradation”
Technische Hochschule (Institute of Technology), Munich, Germany (1)
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1930
“for his researches into the constitution of haemin and chlorophyll and especially for his synthesis of haemin”
Texas Instruments, Dallas, TX, USA (1)
The Nobel Prize in Physics 2000
“for his part in the invention of the integrated circuit”
The Institute for Cancer Research, Philadelphia, PA, USA (1)
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1976
“for their discoveries concerning new mechanisms for the origin and dissemination of infectious diseases”
The Medical Foundation of Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA (1)
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1985
“for their outstanding achievements in the development of direct methods for the determination of crystal structures”
The Molecular Sciences Institute, Berkeley, CA, USA (1)
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2002
“for their discoveries concerning genetic regulation of organ development and programmed cell death'”
The Netherlands School of Economics, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (1)
The Prize in Economic Sciences 1969
“for having developed and applied dynamic models for the analysis of economic processes”
The Salk Institute, San Diego, CA, USA (1)
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1977
“for their discoveries concerning the peptide hormone production of the brain”
The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA (3)
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2001
“for his work on chirally catalysed oxidation reactions”
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2002
“for his development of nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy for determining the three-dimensional structure of biological macromolecules in solution”
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2011
“for their discoveries concerning the activation of innate immunity”
The Wellcome Research Laboratories, Beckenham, United Kingdom (1)
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1982
“for their discoveries concerning prostaglandins and related biologically active substances”
The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom (1)
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2002
“for their discoveries concerning genetic regulation of organ development and programmed cell death'”
Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan (1)
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2016
“for his discoveries of mechanisms for autophagy”
Tokyo University of Education, Tokyo, Japan (1)
The Nobel Prize in Physics 1965
“for their fundamental work in quantum electrodynamics, with deep-ploughing consequences for the physics of elementary particles”
Toulouse School of Economics (TSE), Toulouse, France (1)
Toulouse University, Toulouse, France (1)
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1912
“for his method of hydrogenating organic compounds in the presence of finely disintegrated metals whereby the progress of organic chemistry has been greatly advanced in recent years”
Trinity College, Cambridge, United Kingdom (1)
Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland (1)
The Nobel Prize in Physics 1951
“for their pioneer work on the transmutation of atomic nuclei by artificially accelerated atomic particles”
Tufts University, Medford, MA, USA (1)
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1979
“for the development of computer assisted tomography”
Unité Mixte de Physique CNRS/THALES, Orsay, France (1)
Université Paris-Sud, Orsay, France (1)
Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain, Belgium (2)
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1974
“for their discoveries concerning the structural and functional organization of the cell”
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1974
“for their discoveries concerning the structural and functional organization of the cell”
Université de Paris, Laboratoire Immuno-Hématologie, Paris, France (1)
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1980
“for their discoveries concerning genetically determined structures on the cell surface that regulate immunological reactions”
Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France (1)
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2013
“for the development of multiscale models for complex chemical systems”
Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium (2)
The Nobel Prize in Physics 2013
“for the theoretical discovery of a mechanism that contributes to our understanding of the origin of mass of subatomic particles, and which recently was confirmed through the discovery of the predicted fundamental particle, by the ATLAS and CMS experiments at CERN’s Large Hadron Collider”
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1977
“for his contributions to non-equilibrium thermodynamics, particularly the theory of dissipative structures”
Université Louis Pasteur, Strasbourg, France (1)
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1987
“for their development and use of molecules with structure-specific interactions of high selectivity”
University College, Liverpool, United Kingdom (1)
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1902
“for his work on malaria, by which he has shown how it enters the organism and thereby has laid the foundation for successful research on this disease and methods of combating it”
University College, London, United Kingdom (6)
The Nobel Prize in Physics 1915
“for their services in the analysis of crystal structure by means of X-rays”
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1904
“in recognition of his services in the discovery of the inert gaseous elements in air, and his determination of their place in the periodic system”
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1960
“for discovery of acquired immunological tolerance”
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1963
“for their discoveries concerning the ionic mechanisms involved in excitation and inhibition in the peripheral and central portions of the nerve cell membrane”
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1970
“for their discoveries concerning the humoral transmittors in the nerve terminals and the mechanism for their storage, release and inactivation”
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2014
“for their discoveries of cells that constitute a positioning system in the brain”
University of Bonn, Bonn, Federal Republic of Germany (1)
University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (1)
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1993
“for his fundamental contributions to the establishment of oligonucleotide-based, site-directed mutagenesis and its development for protein studies”
University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA (18)
The Nobel Prize in Physics 1939
“for the invention and development of the cyclotron and for results obtained with it, especially with regard to artificial radioactive elements”
The Nobel Prize in Physics 1968
“for his decisive contributions to elementary particle physics, in particular the discovery of a large number of resonance states, made possible through his development of the technique of using hydrogen bubble chamber and data analysis”
The Nobel Prize in Physics 2006
“for their discovery of the blackbody form and anisotropy of the cosmic microwave background radiation”
The Nobel Prize in Physics 2011
“for the discovery of the accelerating expansion of the Universe through observations of distant supernovae”
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1949
“for his contributions in the field of chemical thermodynamics, particularly concerning the behaviour of substances at extremely low temperatures”
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1951
“for their discoveries in the chemistry of the transuranium elements”
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1951
“for their discoveries in the chemistry of the transuranium elements”
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1961
“for his research on the carbon dioxide assimilation in plants”
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1986
“for their contributions concerning the dynamics of chemical elementary processes”
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2013
“for their discoveries of machinery regulating vesicle traffic, a major transport system in our cells”
The Prize in Economic Sciences 1983
“for having incorporated new analytical methods into economic theory and for his rigorous reformulation of the theory of general equilibrium”
The Prize in Economic Sciences 1994
“for their pioneering analysis of equilibria in the theory of non-cooperative games”
The Prize in Economic Sciences 2000
“for his development of theory and methods for analyzing discrete choice”
The Prize in Economic Sciences 2001
“for their analyses of markets with asymmetric information”
The Prize in Economic Sciences 2009
“for his analysis of economic governance, especially the boundaries of the firm”
University of California, Irvine, CA, USA (3)
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1995
“for their work in atmospheric chemistry, particularly concerning the formation and decomposition of ozone”
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2004
“for the discovery of ubiquitin-mediated protein degradation”
University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA (4)
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1960
“for his method to use carbon-14 for age determination in archaeology, geology, geophysics, and other branches of science”
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1987
“for their development and use of molecules with structure-specific interactions of high selectivity”
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1997
“for their elucidation of the enzymatic mechanism underlying the synthesis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP)”
The Prize in Economic Sciences 2012
“for the theory of stable allocations and the practice of market design”
University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA (5)
The Nobel Prize in Physics 2000
“for developing semiconductor heterostructures used in high-speed- and opto-electronics”
The Nobel Prize in Physics 2014
“for the invention of efficient blue light-emitting diodes which has enabled bright and energy-saving white light sources”
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1998
“for his development of the density-functional theory”
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2000
“for the discovery and development of conductive polymers”
The Prize in Economic Sciences 2004
“for their contributions to dynamic macroeconomics: the time consistency of economic policy and the driving forces behind business cycles”
University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA (1)
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2009
“for the discovery of how chromosomes are protected by telomeres and the enzyme telomerase”
University of California, San Diego, CA, USA (3)
The Nobel Prize in Physics 1963
“for their discoveries concerning nuclear shell structure”
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2008
“for the discovery and development of the green fluorescent protein, GFP”
The Prize in Economic Sciences 2003
“for methods of analyzing economic time series with common trends (cointegration)”
University of California School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA (1)
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1998
“for their discoveries concerning nitric oxide as a signalling molecule in the cardiovascular system”
University of California School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, USA (3)
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1989
“for their discovery of the cellular origin of retroviral oncogenes”
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1989
“for their discovery of the cellular origin of retroviral oncogenes”
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1997
“for his discovery of Prions – a new biological principle of infection”
University of California, Kavli Institute for Theoretical Physics, Santa Barbara, CA, USA (1)
The Nobel Prize in Physics 2004
“for the discovery of asymptotic freedom in the theory of the strong interaction”
University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom (17)
The Nobel Prize in Physics 1906
“in recognition of the great merits of his theoretical and experimental investigations on the conduction of electricity by gases”
The Nobel Prize in Physics 1927
“for his method of making the paths of electrically charged particles visible by condensation of vapour”
The Nobel Prize in Physics 1933
“for the discovery of new productive forms of atomic theory”
The Nobel Prize in Physics 1973
“for his theoretical predictions of the properties of a supercurrent through a tunnel barrier, in particular those phenomena which are generally known as the Josephson effects”
The Nobel Prize in Physics 1974
“for their pioneering research in radio astrophysics: Ryle for his observations and inventions, in particular of the aperture synthesis technique, and Hewish for his decisive role in the discovery of pulsars”
The Nobel Prize in Physics 1974
“for their pioneering research in radio astrophysics: Ryle for his observations and inventions, in particular of the aperture synthesis technique, and Hewish for his decisive role in the discovery of pulsars”
The Nobel Prize in Physics 1977
“for their fundamental theoretical investigations of the electronic structure of magnetic and disordered systems”
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1922
“for his discovery, by means of his mass spectrograph, of isotopes, in a large number of non-radioactive elements, and for his enunciation of the whole-number rule”
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1958
“for his work on the structure of proteins, especially that of insulin”
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1929
“for his discovery of the growth-stimulating vitamins”
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1932
“for their discoveries regarding the functions of neurons”
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1963
“for their discoveries concerning the ionic mechanisms involved in excitation and inhibition in the peripheral and central portions of the nerve cell membrane”
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2010
“for the development of in vitro fertilization”
The Prize in Economic Sciences 1977
“for their pathbreaking contribution to the theory of international trade and international capital movements”
The Prize in Economic Sciences 1984
“for having made fundamental contributions to the development of systems of national accounts and hence greatly improved the basis for empirical economic analysis”
The Prize in Economic Sciences 1996
“for their fundamental contributions to the economic theory of incentives under asymmetric information”
University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA (18)
The Nobel Prize in Physics 1907
“for his optical precision instruments and the spectroscopic and metrological investigations carried out with their aid”
The Nobel Prize in Physics 1980
“for the discovery of violations of fundamental symmetry principles in the decay of neutral K-mesons”
The Nobel Prize in Physics 1983
“for his theoretical studies of the physical processes of importance to the structure and evolution of the stars”
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1966
“for his fundamental work concerning chemical bonds and the electronic structure of molecules by the molecular orbital method”
The Prize in Economic Sciences 1976
“for his achievements in the fields of consumption analysis, monetary history and theory and for his demonstration of the complexity of stabilization policy”
The Prize in Economic Sciences 1979
“for their pioneering research into economic development research with particular consideration of the problems of developing countries”
The Prize in Economic Sciences 1982
“for his seminal studies of industrial structures, functioning of markets and causes and effects of public regulation”
The Prize in Economic Sciences 1990
“for their pioneering work in the theory of financial economics”
The Prize in Economic Sciences 1991
“for his discovery and clarification of the significance of transaction costs and property rights for the institutional structure and functioning of the economy”
The Prize in Economic Sciences 1992
“for having extended the domain of microeconomic analysis to a wide range of human behaviour and interaction, including nonmarket behaviour”
The Prize in Economic Sciences 1993
“for having renewed research in economic history by applying economic theory and quantitative methods in order to explain economic and institutional change”
The Prize in Economic Sciences 1995
“for having developed and applied the hypothesis of rational expectations, and thereby having transformed macroeconomic analysis and deepened our understanding of economic policy”
The Prize in Economic Sciences 2000
“for his development of theory and methods for analyzing selective samples”
The Prize in Economic Sciences 2007
“for having laid the foundations of mechanism design theory”
The Prize in Economic Sciences 2013
“for their empirical analysis of asset prices”
The Prize in Economic Sciences 2017
“for his contributions to behavioural economics”
University of Chicago, Ben May Laboratory for Cancer Research, Chicago, IL, USA (1)
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1966
“for his discoveries concerning hormonal treatment of prostatic cancer”
University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA (2)
The Nobel Prize in Physics 2012
“for ground-breaking experimental methods that enable measuring and manipulation of individual quantum systems”
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1989
“for their discovery of catalytic properties of RNA”
University of Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO, USA (3)
The Nobel Prize in Physics 2001
“for the achievement of Bose-Einstein condensation in dilute gases of alkali atoms, and for early fundamental studies of the properties of the condensates”
The Nobel Prize in Physics 2001
“for the achievement of Bose-Einstein condensation in dilute gases of alkali atoms, and for early fundamental studies of the properties of the condensates”
The Nobel Prize in Physics 2005
“for their contributions to the development of laser-based precision spectroscopy, including the optical frequency comb technique”
University of Delaware, , USA (1)
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2010
“for palladium-catalyzed cross couplings in organic synthesis”
University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom (1)
The Nobel Prize in Physics 2013
“for the theoretical discovery of a mechanism that contributes to our understanding of the origin of mass of subatomic particles, and which recently was confirmed through the discovery of the predicted fundamental particle, by the ATLAS and CMS experiments at CERN’s Large Hadron Collider”
University of Freiburg, Breisgau, Federal Republic of Germany (1)
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1953
“for his discoveries in the field of macromolecular chemistry”
University of Freiburg im Breisgau, Breisgau, Germany (1)
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1935
“for his discovery of the organizer effect in embryonic development”
University of Grenoble, Grenoble, France (1)
The Nobel Prize in Physics 1970
“for fundamental work and discoveries concerning antiferromagnetism and ferrimagnetism which have led to important applications in solid state physics”
University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (1)
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2016
“for the design and synthesis of molecular machines”
University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany (4)
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1931
“in recognition of their contributions to the invention and development of chemical high pressure methods”
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1931
“in recognition of their contributions to the invention and development of chemical high pressure methods”
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1910
“in recognition of the contributions to our knowledge of cell chemistry made through his work on proteins, including the nucleic substances”
University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Federal Republic of Germany (3)
The Nobel Prize in Physics 1954
“for the coincidence method and his discoveries made therewith”
The Nobel Prize in Physics 1963
“for their discoveries concerning nuclear shell structure”
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1979
“for their development of the use of boron- and phosphorus-containing compounds, respectively, into important reagents in organic synthesis”
University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland (1)
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1945
“for his research and inventions in agricultural and nutrition chemistry, especially for his fodder preservation method”
University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA (4)
The Nobel Prize in Physics 1956
“for their researches on semiconductors and their discovery of the transistor effect”
The Nobel Prize in Physics 1972
“for their jointly developed theory of superconductivity, usually called the BCS-theory”
The Nobel Prize in Physics 2003
“for pioneering contributions to the theory of superconductors and superfluids”
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2003
“for their discoveries concerning magnetic resonance imaging”
University of Jerusalem, Center for RationalityHebrew, Jerusalem, Israel (1)
The Prize in Economic Sciences 2005
“for having enhanced our understanding of conflict and cooperation through game-theory analysis”
University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland (1)
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2017
“for developing cryo-electron microscopy for the high-resolution structure determination of biomolecules in solution”
University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal (1)
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1949
“for his discovery of the therapeutic value of leucotomy in certain psychoses”
University of Maine, Maine, ME, USA (1)
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2017
“for their discoveries of molecular mechanisms controlling the circadian rhythm”
University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom (2)
The Nobel Prize in Physics 2010
“for groundbreaking experiments regarding the two-dimensional material graphene”
The Nobel Prize in Physics 2010
“for groundbreaking experiments regarding the two-dimensional material graphene”
University of Maryland, Department of Economics and School of Public Policy, College Park, MD, USA (1)
The Prize in Economic Sciences 2005
“for having enhanced our understanding of conflict and cooperation through game-theory analysis”
University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA (1)
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2006
“for their discovery of RNA interference – gene silencing by double-stranded RNA”
University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA (1)
The Prize in Economic Sciences 2007
“for having laid the foundations of mechanism design theory”
University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA (2)
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2007
“for their discoveries of principles for introducing specific gene modifications in mice by the use of embryonic stem cells”
University of Nottingham, School of Physics and Astronomy, Nottingham, United Kingdom (1)
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2003
“for their discoveries concerning magnetic resonance imaging”
University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway (3)
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1969
“for their contributions to the development of the concept of conformation and its application in chemistry”
The Prize in Economic Sciences 1969
“for having developed and applied dynamic models for the analysis of economic processes”
The Prize in Economic Sciences 1989
“for his clarification of the probability theory foundations of econometrics and his analyses of simultaneous economic structures”
University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom (8)
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1921
“for his contributions to our knowledge of the chemistry of radioactive substances, and his investigations into the origin and nature of isotopes”
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1947
“for his investigations on plant products of biological importance, especially the alkaloids”
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1956
“for their researches into the mechanism of chemical reactions”
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1932
“for their discoveries regarding the functions of neurons”
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1945
“for the discovery of penicillin and its curative effect in various infectious diseases”
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1945
“for the discovery of penicillin and its curative effect in various infectious diseases”
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1972
“for their discoveries concerning the chemical structure of antibodies”
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1973
“for their discoveries concerning organization and elicitation of individual and social behaviour patterns”
University of Oxford, Royal Society, Oxford, United Kingdom (1)
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1964
“for her determinations by X-ray techniques of the structures of important biochemical substances”
University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA (4)
The Nobel Prize in Physics 1972
“for their jointly developed theory of superconductivity, usually called the BCS-theory”
The Nobel Prize in Physics 2002
“for pioneering contributions to astrophysics, in particular for the detection of cosmic neutrinos”
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2000
“for the discovery and development of conductive polymers”
The Prize in Economic Sciences 1980
“for the creation of econometric models and the application to the analysis of economic fluctuations and economic policies”
University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA (1)
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1934
“for their discoveries concerning liver therapy in cases of anaemia”
University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA (2)
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2013
“for the development of multiscale models for complex chemical systems”
University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France (2)
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2016
“for the design and synthesis of molecular machines”
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2011
“for their discoveries concerning the activation of innate immunity”
University of Sussex, Brighton, United Kingdom (2)
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1975
“for his work on the stereochemistry of enzyme-catalyzed reactions”
University of Texas, Austin, TX, USA (1)
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1977
“for his contributions to non-equilibrium thermodynamics, particularly the theory of dissipative structures”
University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, TX, USA (1)
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1998
“for their discoveries concerning nitric oxide as a signalling molecule in the cardiovascular system”
University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, TX, USA (5)
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1988
“for the determination of the three-dimensional structure of a photosynthetic reaction centre”
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1985
“for their discoveries concerning the regulation of cholesterol metabolism”
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1985
“for their discoveries concerning the regulation of cholesterol metabolism”
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1994
“for their discovery of G-proteins and the role of these proteins in signal transduction in cells”
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2011
“for their discoveries concerning the activation of innate immunity”
University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan (1)
The Nobel Prize in Physics 2002
“for pioneering contributions to astrophysics, in particular for the detection of cosmic neutrinos”
University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Japan (1)
The Nobel Prize in Physics 2015
“for the discovery of neutrino oscillations, which shows that neutrinos have mass”
University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada (3)
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1986
“for their contributions concerning the dynamics of chemical elementary processes”
University of Tsukuba, Tokyo, Japan (1)
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2000
“for the discovery and development of conductive polymers”
University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA (1)
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2007
“for their discoveries of principles for introducing specific gene modifications in mice by the use of embryonic stem cells”
University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA (4)
The Nobel Prize in Physics 2016
“for theoretical discoveries of topological phase transitions and topological phases of matter”
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1992
“for their discoveries concerning reversible protein phosphorylation as a biological regulatory mechanism”
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1992
“for their discoveries concerning reversible protein phosphorylation as a biological regulatory mechanism”
University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia (1)
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2005
“for their discovery of the bacterium Helicobacter pylori and its role in gastritis and peptic ulcer disease”
University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA (3)
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1958
“for his discoveries concerning genetic recombination and the organization of the genetic material of bacteria”
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1968
“for their interpretation of the genetic code and its function in protein synthesis”
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1975
“for their discoveries concerning the interaction between tumour viruses and the genetic material of the cell”
University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (3)
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1913
“in recognition of his work on the linkage of atoms in molecules by which he has thrown new light on earlier investigations and opened up new fields of research especially in inorganic chemistry”
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1937
“for his investigations on carotenoids, flavins and vitamins A and B2”
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1949
“for his discovery of the functional organization of the interbrain as a coordinator of the activities of the internal organs”
University of Zurich, Institute of Experimental Immunology, Zurich, Switzerland (1)
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1996
“for their discoveries concerning the specificity of the cell mediated immune defence”
Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden (5)
The Nobel Prize in Physics 1924
“for his discoveries and research in the field of X-ray spectroscopy”
The Nobel Prize in Physics 1981
“for his contribution to the development of high-resolution electron spectroscopy”
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1948
“for his research on electrophoresis and adsorption analysis, especially for his discoveries concerning the complex nature of the serum proteins”
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1911
“for his work on the dioptrics of the eye”
US Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC, USA (1)
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1985
“for their outstanding achievements in the development of direct methods for the determination of crystal structures”
Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands (2)
The Nobel Prize in Physics 1999
“for elucidating the quantum structure of electroweak interactions in physics”
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1929
“for his discovery of the antineuritic vitamin”
Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA (1)
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1971
“for his discoveries concerning the mechanisms of the action of hormones”
Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA (1)
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1986
“for their discoveries of growth factors”
Veterans Administration Hospital, New Orleans, LA, USA (1)
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1977
“for their discoveries concerning the peptide hormone production of the brain”
Veterans Administration Hospital, Bronx, NY, USA (1)
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1977
“for the development of radioimmunoassays of peptide hormones”
Victoria University, Manchester, United Kingdom (3)
The Nobel Prize in Physics 1915
“for their services in the analysis of crystal structure by means of X-rays”
The Nobel Prize in Physics 1948
“for his development of the Wilson cloud chamber method, and his discoveries therewith in the fields of nuclear physics and cosmic radiation”
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1908
“for his investigations into the disintegration of the elements, and the chemistry of radioactive substances”
Vienna University, Vienna, Austria (2)
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1914
“for his work on the physiology and pathology of the vestibular apparatus”
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1927
“for his discovery of the therapeutic value of malaria inoculation in the treatment of dementia paralytica”
Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA (1)
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2002
“for their development of soft desorption ionisation methods for mass spectrometric analyses of biological macromolecules”
Walter and Eliza Hall Institute for Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia (1)
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1960
“for discovery of acquired immunological tolerance”
Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA (4)
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1944
“for their discoveries relating to the highly differentiated functions of single nerve fibres”
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1947
“for their discovery of the course of the catalytic conversion of glycogen”
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1947
“for their discovery of the course of the catalytic conversion of glycogen”
The Prize in Economic Sciences 1993
“for having renewed research in economic history by applying economic theory and quantitative methods in order to explain economic and institutional change”
Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel (1)
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2009
“for studies of the structure and function of the ribosome”
Wellcome Research Laboratories, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA (2)
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1988
“for their discoveries of important principles for drug treatment”
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1988
“for their discoveries of important principles for drug treatment”
Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA (1)
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1954
“for their discovery of the ability of poliomyelitis viruses to grow in cultures of various types of tissue”
World Foundation for AIDS Research and Prevention, Paris, France (1)
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2008
“for their discovery of human immunodeficiency virus”
Würzburg University, Würzburg, Germany (1)
The Nobel Prize in Physics 1911
“for his discoveries regarding the laws governing the radiation of heat”
Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA (7)
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1968
“for the discovery of the reciprocal relations bearing his name, which are fundamental for the thermodynamics of irreversible processes”
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1989
“for their discovery of catalytic properties of RNA”
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2009
“for studies of the structure and function of the ribosome”
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2013
“for their discoveries of machinery regulating vesicle traffic, a major transport system in our cells”
The Prize in Economic Sciences 1975
“for their contributions to the theory of optimum allocation of resources”
The Prize in Economic Sciences 1981
“for his analysis of financial markets and their relations to expenditure decisions, employment, production and prices”
The Prize in Economic Sciences 2013
“for their empirical analysis of asset prices”
Yale University, School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA (1)
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1974
“for their discoveries concerning the structural and functional organization of the cell”
Yukawa Institute for Theoretical Physics (YITP), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan (1)
The Nobel Prize in Physics 2008
“for the discovery of the origin of the broken symmetry which predicts the existence of at least three families of quarks in nature”
Zoologisches Institut der Universität München, Munich, Federal Republic of Germany (1)
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1973
“for their discoveries concerning organization and elicitation of individual and social behaviour patterns”